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in doubt

Толкование Перевод

1 dubium

doubt, hesitation, reservation.

Latin-English dictionary of medieval > dubium
2 certē

certē adv. with comp. [certus], really, surely, assuredly, actually, certainly, as a fact: fuit certe id aequum: ea certe vera sunt, admitted facts: qui certius explorata referant, L.: Si reperire vocas amittere certius, O.: o dea certe, V.: Certe edepol nutricem video, T. — Esp., in answers: estne hic ipsus? et certe is est, T.: num is est Cluentius? certe non est. — In confirmation, no doubt, of course, certainly: venerat, ut opinor, haec res in iudicium. Certe: atqui vis in foro versata est. Certe, admitted.—Of belief, without doubt, with assurance, confidently, surely, certainly: iste certe statuerat non adesse: de casu Cottae certius ex captivis cognoscit, Cs.—With scio, to have no doubt, be sure: ex litteris certe scire potuistis: (legiones) comprobaturas esse certe scio. — Ironic.: Regium certe genus Maeret, no doubt, H.: credo fore qui... inponant, certe quibus videtur, etc., men who no doubt think, etc., S.—Restrictive, at least, yet certainly, but surely: Si non ipsā re tibi istuc dolet, simulare certe est hominis, T.: res fortasse verae, certe graves: desilite, milites... ego certe meum officium praestitero, Cs.: quo quid sit beatius, mihi certe in mentem venire non potest: si tibi fortuna non dedit... at natura certe dedit: maior haec praeda, sed illa impudentia certe non minor: hoc vero edictum certe silentio non potest praeteriri: vestrae quidem certe vitae prospiciam, Cs. (quidem emphasizes the preceding word, while certe belongs to the whole clause): bona femina, locuples quidem certe: sed alias ubi sit animus; certe quidem in te est (quidem emphasizes certe).
* * *

ADV

surely, certainly, without doubt, really; at least/any rate, in all events

Latin-English dictionary > certē
3 an

1.
ăn, conj. [etym. very obscure; v. the various views adduced in Hand, I. p. 296, with which he seems dissatisfied; if it is connected with the Sanscr. anjas, = Germ. ander, = Engl. other, we may comp. the Engl. other and or with the Germ. oder, = or]. It introduces the second part of a disjunctive interrogation, or a phrase implying doubt, and thus unites in itself the signif. of aut and num or -ne, or, or whether (hence the clause with an is entirely parallel with that introduced by num, utrum, -ne, etc., while aut forms only a subdivision in the single disjunctive clause; utrum... aut—an... aut, whether... or, etc.; cf. Ochsn. Eclog. p. 150; v. also aut).
I.
In disjunctive interrogations.
A.
Direct.
a.
Introd. by utrum (in Engl. the introd. particle whether is now obsolete, and the interrogation is denoted simply by the order of the words):
Utrum hac me feriam an ab laevā latus?
Plaut. Cist. 3, 10:
sed utrum tu amicis hodie an inimicis tuis Daturu's cenam?
id. Ps. 3, 2, 88; id. Pers. 3, 1, 13; id. Trin. 1, 2, 138; id. Cas. 2, 4, 11:
Utrum sit annon voltis?
id. Am. prol. 56:
quid facies? Utrum hoc tantum crimen praetermittes an obicies?
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 30 sq.:
in plebem vero Romanam utrum superbiam prius commemorem an crudelitatem?
id. Verr. 1, 122; id. Deiot. 23; id. Fam. 7, 13:
Utrum enim defenditis an impugnatis plebem?
Liv. 5, 3. —And with an twice:
Utrum hoc signum cupiditatis tuae an tropaeum necessitudinis atque hospitii an amoris indicium esse voluisti?
Cic. Verr. 2, 115; id. Imp. Pomp. 57 sq.; id. Rab. 21.—With an three times:
Utrum res ab initio ita ducta est, an ad extremum ita perducta, an ita parva est pecunia, an is (homo) Verres, ut haec quae dixi, gratis facta esse videantur?
Cic. Verr. 2, 61; 3, 83; id. Clu. 183; Liv. 21, 10; and seven times in Cic. Dom. 56-58.—With -ne pleon. (not to be confounded with cases where utrum precedes as pron.; as Cic. Tusc. 4, 4, 9):
sed utrum tu masne an femina es, qui illum patrem voces?
Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 16; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; id. Stich. 5, 4, 26:
Utrum studione id sibi habet an laudi putat Fore, si etc.,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 28:
Utrum igitur tandem perspicuisne dubia aperiuntur an dubiis perspicua tolluntur?
Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 67.—And affixed to utrum, but rarely:
Utrumne jussi persequemur otium... an hunc laborem etc.,
Hor. Epod. 1, 7; Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 4; Quint. 12, 1, 40.—
b.
Introduced by -ne:
quid fit? seditio tabetne an numeros augificat suos?
Enn. Trag. Rel. p. 23 Rib.:
servos esne an liber?
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 186:
idne agebas, ut tibi cum sceleratis an ut cum bonis civibus conveniret?
Cic. Lig. 18; 23:
custosne urbis an direptor et vexator esset Antonius?
id. Phil. 3, 27; id. Mur. 88; id. Sull. 22.—
So with an twice,
Cic. Cat. 1, 28; id. Att. 16, 8;
and five times,
id. Balb. 9.—
c.
Introduced by nonne:
Nonne ad servos videtis rem publicam venturam fuisse? An mihi ipsi fuit mors aequo animo oppetenda?
Cic. Sest. 47; id. Sex. Rosc. 43 sq.; id. Dom. 26; 127.—So with an twice, Cic. Phil. 11, 36.—
d.
Introduced by num:
si quis invidiae metus, num est vehementius severitatis invidia quam inertiae pertimescenda?
Cic. Cat. 1, 29; id. Mur. 76; id. Sest. 80:
Num quid duas habetis patrias an est illa patria communis?
id. Leg. 2, 2.—
e.
Without introductory particle:
quid igitur? haec vera an falsa sunt?
Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 95:
quid enim exspectas? bellum an tabulas novas?
id. Cat. 2, 18:
ipse percussit an aliis occidendum dedit?
id. Sex. Rosc. 74; id. Verr. 2, 106; id. Imp. Pomp. 53; id. Phil. 2, 27:
eloquar an sileam?
Verg. A. 3, 37:
auditis an me ludit amabilis Insania?
Hor. C. 3, 4, 5.—So an twice, Cic. Mil. 54;
three times,
Plin. Ep. 2, 8;
and six times,
Cic. Rab. 14; id. Pis. 40.—
B.
Indirect.
a.
Introduced by utrum:
quid tu, malum, curas, Utrum crudum an coctum edim?
Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16; id. Cist. 4, 2, 11; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 1; id. Mil. 2, 3, 74:
quaero, si quis... utrum is clemens an inhumanissimus esse videatur,
Cic. Cat. 4, 12:
agitur, utrum M. Antonio facultas detur an horum ei facere nihil liceat,
id. Phil. 5, 6; id. Sex. Rosc. 72; id. Imp. Pomp. 42; id. Verr. 1, 105.
► So once only in Vulg.
aut for an: Loquimini de me utrum bovem cujusquam tulerim aut asinum, 1 Reg. 12, 3.—And with -ne pleon.:
res in discrimine versatur, utrum possitne se contra luxuriem parsimonia defendere an deformata cupiditati addicatur,
Cic. Quinct. 92:
numquamne intelleges statuendum tibi esse, utrum illi, qui istam rem gesserunt, homicidaene sint an vindices libertatis?
id. Phil. 2, 30.—
b.
Introduced by -ne:
Fortunāne an forte repertus,
Att. Trag. Rel. p. 159 Rib. agitur autem liberine vivamus an mortem obeamus, Cic. Phil. 11, 24; id. Verr. 4, 73; id. Mil. 16:
nunc vero non id agitur, bonisne an malis moribus vivamus etc.,
Sall. C. 52, 10.—So with an three times, Cic. Or. 61.—
c.
Introduced by an:
haud scio an malim te videri... an amicos tuos plus habuisse,
Cic. Pis. 39.—
d.
Without introd. particle:
... vivam an moriar, nulla in me est metus,
Enn. Trag. Rel. p. 72 Rib.:
vivat an mortuus sit, quis aut scit aut curat?
Cic. Phil. 13, 33; 3, 18; id. Sex. Rosc. 88; id. Red. in Sen. 14.—
C.
Sometimes the opinion of the speaker or the probability inclines to the second interrogative clause (cf. infra, II. E.). and this is made emphatic, as a corrective of the former, or rather, or on the contrary:
ea quae dixi ad corpusne refers? an est aliquid, quod te suā sponte delectet?
Cic. Fin. 2, 33, 107:
Cur sic agere voluistis? An ignoratis quod etc.,
Vulg. Gen. 44, 15.—Hence, in the comic poets, an potius:
cum animo depugnat suo, Utrum itane esse mavelit ut... An ita potius ut etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 31: id. Stich. 1, 2, 18; id. Trin. 2, 2, 25:
an id flagitium est, An potius hoc patri aequomst fieri, ut a me ludatur dolis?
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 94.—
D.
The first part of the interrogation is freq. not expressed, but is to be supplied from the context; in this case, an begins the interrog., or, or rather, or indeed, or perhaps (but it does not begin an absolute, i. e. not disjunctive, interrog.): De. Credam ego istuc, si esse te hilarem videro. Ar. An tu esse me tristem putas? (where nonne me hilarem esse vides? is implied), Plaut. As. 5, 1, 10: Ch. Sed Thaïs multon ante venit? Py. An abiit jam a milite? Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 7:
An ego Ulixem obliscar umquam?
Att. Trag. Rel. p. 199 Rib.:
An parum vobis est quod peccatis?
Vulg. Josh. 22, 17:
est igitur aliquid, quod perturbata mens melius possit facere quam constans? an quisquam potest sine perturbatione mentis irasci?
Cic. Tusc. 4, 24, 54; cf. id. Clu. 22; id. Off. 3, 29: Debes hoc etiam rescribere, sit tibi curae Quantae conveniat Munatius; an male sarta Gratia nequiquam coit...? or is perhaps, etc., Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 31 K. and H. —So esp. in Cic., in order to make the truth of an assertion more certain, by an argumentum a minore ad majus:
cur (philosophus) pecuniam magno opere desideret vel potius curet omnino? an Scythes Anacharsis potuit pro nihilo pecuniam ducere, nostrates philosophi non potuerunt?
Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 89 sq.:
An vero P. Scipio T. Gracchum privatus interfecit, Catilinam vero nos consules perferemus?
id. Cat. 1, 1; so id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 14, 5, 12 Muret.; id. Fin. 1, 2, 5, ubi v. Madv.—It sometimes introduces a question suggested by the words of another: He. Mane. Non dum audisti, Demea, Quod est gravissimum? De. An quid est etiam anplius? Is there then etc., Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 21:
sed ad haec, nisi molestum est, habeo quae velim. An me, inquam, nisi te audire vellem censes haec dicturum fuisse?
Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 28; 2, 22, 74; id. Tusc. 5, 26, 73; 5, 12, 35; id. Brut. 184; id. Fat. 2, 4; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 28.—It sometimes anticipates an answer to something going before: At vero si ad vitem sensus accesserit, ut appetitum quendam habeat et per se ipsa moveatur, quid facturam putas? An ea, quae per vinitorem antea consequebatur, per se ipsa curabit? shall we not say that, must we not think that etc., Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 38, ubi v. Madv.—
E.
An non. and in one word, annon (in direct questions more freq. than necne):
isne est quem quaero an non?
Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 12:
Hocine agis an non?
id. And. 1, 2, 15:
Tibi ego dico an non?
id. ib. 4, 4, 23:
utrum sit an non voltis?
Plaut. Am. prol. 56:
utrum cetera nomina in codicem accepti et expensi digesta habes annon?
Cic. Rosc. Com. 3 al. —Also in indirect questions = necne, q. v.:
abi, vise redieritne jam an non dum domum,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 4, 5:
videbo utrum clamorem opere conpleverint, an non est ita,
Vulg. Gen. 18, 21; 24, 21.—
F.
An ne, usually written anne, pleon. for an.
a.
In direct questions:
anne tu dicis quā ex causā vindicaveris?
Cic. Mur. 26. —
b.
In indirect questions:
nec. aequom anne iniquom imperet, cogitabit,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 19; id. Ps. 1, 1, 122:
percontarier, Utrum aurum reddat anne eat secum simul,
id. Bacch. 4, 1, 4:
Nam quid ego de consulato loquar, parto vis, anue gesto?
Cic. Pis. 1, 3:
cum interrogetur, tria pauca sint anne multa,
id. Ac. 2, 29:
Gabinio dicam anne Pompeio, an utrique,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 57; so id. Or. 61, 206:
Quid enim interest, divitias, opes, valetudinem bona dicas anne praeposita, cum etc.,
id. Fin. 4, 9, 23 Madv.; August. ap. Suet. Aug. 69 al. (for the omission of the second disjunctive clause or the particle necne representing it, v. utrum;
instances of this usage in eccl. Lat. are,
Vulg. Lev. 13, 36; 14, 36; ib. Num. 11, 23 al.).—
II.
In disjunctive clauses that express doubt, or.
A.
Utrum stultitiā facere ego hunc an malitiā Dicam, scientem an imprudentem, incertus sum. Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 54:
ut nescias, utrum res oratione an verba sententiis illustrentur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 56:
honestumne factu sit an turpe, dubitant,
id. Off. 1, 3, 9:
nescio, gratulerne tibi an timeam,
id. Fam. 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 7, 5:
pecuniae an famae minus parceret, haud facile discerneres,
Sall. C. 25, 3; so id. ib. 52, 10; Suet. Aug. 19; id. Tib. 10; id. Claud. 15:
cognoscet de doctrinā, utrum ex Deo sit an ego a me ipso loquar,
Vulg. Joan. 7, 17; ib. Eccl. 2, 19 al.—
B.
An sometimes denotes uncertainty by itself, without a verb of doubting (dubito, dubium or incertum est, etc., vet in such cases the editors are divided between an and aut; cf. Mos. and Orell. ad Cic. Rep. 1, 12): verene hoc memoriae proditum est [p. 115] regem istum Numam Pythagorae ipsius discipulum, an certe Pythagoreum fuisse? Cic. Rep. 2, 15, where B. and K. read aut certe: Cn. Octavius est an Cn. Cornelius quidam tuus familiaris, summo genere natus, terrae filius;
is etc.,
id. Fam. 7, 9 B. and K.:
Themistocles quidem, cum ei Simonides an quis alius artem memoriae polliceretur, Oblivionis, inquit, mallem,
Simonides or some other person, id. Fin. 2, 32, 104; id. Fam. 7, 9, 3; id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 2, 7, 3; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—
C.
It often stands for sive (so esp. in and after the Aug. per.):
quod sit an non, nihil commovet analogiam,
whether this be so or not, Varr. L. L. 9, § 105 Müll.; Att. ap. Prisc. p. 677 P.; Ov. R. Am. 797:
saucius an sanus, numquid tua signa reliqui,
id. F. 4, 7:
Illa mihi referet, si nostri mutua curast, An minor, an toto pectore deciderim,
Tib. 3, 1, 20; Tac. A. 11, 26:
sive nullam opem praevidebat inermis atque exul, seu taedio ambiguae spei an amore conjugis et liberorum,
id. ib. 14, 59.—
D.
The first disjunctive clause is freq. to be supplied from the gen. idea or an may stand for utrum—necne (cf. supra, I. D.):
qui scis, an, quae jubeam, sine vi faciat? (vine coactus is to be supplied),
how knowest thou whether or not he will do it without compulsion? Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 20:
An dolo malo factum sit, ambigitur,
Cic. Tull. 23:
quaesivi an misisset (periplasmata),
id. Verr. 4, 27:
Vide an facile fieri tu potueris, cum etc.,
id. Fragm. B. 13, 2, 1:
praebete aurem et videte an mentiar,
Vulg. Job, 6, 28: de L. Bruto fortasse dubitaverim an propter infinitum odium tyranni effrenatius in Aruntem invaserit, I might doubt whether or not, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 22, 50; id. Verr. 3, 76:
Quis scit an adiciant hodiernae crastina summae Tempora di superi?
Hor. C. 4, 7, 17; Plin. Ep. 6, 21, 3; Quint. 2, 17, 38:
Sine videamus an veniat Elias,
Vulg. Matt. 27, 49:
tria sine dubio rursus spectanda sunt, an sit, quid sit, quale sit,
Quint. 5, 10, 53:
dubium an quaesitā morte,
Tac. A. 1, 5; 6, 50; 4, 74:
Multitudo an vindicatura Bessum fuerit, incertum est,
Curt. 7, 5:
diu Lacedaemonii, an eum summae rei praeponerent, deliberaverunt,
Just. 6, 2, 4 et saep.—
E.
Since in such distrib. sentences expressive of doubt, the opinion of the speaker or the probability usually inclines to the second, i. e. to the clause beginning with an, the expressions haud scio an, nescio an, dubito an (the latter through all pers. and tenses), incline to an affirmative signification, I almost know, I am inclined to think, I almost think, I might say, I might assert that, etc., for perhaps, probably (hence the opinion is incorrect that an, in this situation, stands for an non; for by an non a negation of the objective clause is expressed, e. g. nescio an non beatus sit, I am almost of the opinion that he is not happy, v. infra, and cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 1, Exc. XI. p. 335 sq.; Cic. uses haud scio an eleven times in his Orations;
nescio an, four times): atque haud scio an, quae dixit sint vera omnia,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 45:
crudele gladiatorum spectaculum et inhumanum non nullis videri solet: et haud scio an ita sit, ut nunc fit,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 41; id. Fl. 26:
testem non mediocrem, sed haud scio an gravissimum,
perhaps, id. Off. 3, 29:
constantiam dico? nescio an melius patientiam possim dicere,
id. Lig. 9; id. Fam. 9, 19:
ingens eo die res, ac nescio an maxima illo bello gesta sit,
Liv. 23, 16; Quint. 12, 11, 7 al.:
si per se virtus sine fortunā ponderanda sit, dubito an Thrasybulum primum omuium ponam,
I am not certain whether I should not prefer Thrasybulus to all others, Nep. Thras. 1 Dähne:
dicitur acinace stricto Darius dubitāsse an fugae dedecus honestā morte vitaret,
i. e. was almost resolved upon, Curt. 4, 5, 30:
ego dubito an id improprium potius appellem,
Quint. 1, 5, 46; Gell. 1, 3 al.—Hence, a neg. objective clause must contain in this connection the words non, nemo, nullus, nihil, numquam, nusquam, etc.:
dubitet an turpe non sit,
he is inclined to believe that it is not bad, Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50:
haud scio an ne opus quidem sit, nihil umquam deesse amicis,
id. Am. 14, 51:
eloquentiā quidem nescio an habuisset parem neminem,
id. Brut. 33: quod cum omnibus est faciendum tum haud scio an nemini potius quam tibi, to no one perhaps more, id. Off. 3, 2, 6:
meā sententiā haud scio an nulla beatior esse possit,
id. Sen. 16; id. Leg. 1, 21:
non saepe atque haud scio an numquam,
id. Or. 2, 7 al. —
F.
Sometimes the distributive clause beginning with an designates directly the opposite, the more improbable, the negative; in which case nescio an, haud scio an, etc., like the Engl. I know not whether, signify I think that not, I believe that not, etc.; hence, in the object. clause, aliquis, quisquam, ullus, etc., must stand instead of nemo, nullus, etc. (so for the most part only after Cic.): an profecturus sim, nescio, I know not (i. e. I doubt, I am not confident) whether I shall effect any thing, Sen. Ep. 25:
opus nescio an superabile, magnum certe tractemus,
id. Q. N. 3, praef. 4; Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 6: haud scio an vivere nobis liceret, I know not whether we, etc., Cic. Har. Resp. 11, 22: doleo enim maximam feminam eripi oculis civitatis, nescio an aliquid simile visuris, for I know not whether they will ever see any thing of this kind, Plin. Ep. 7, 19; Val. Max. 5, 2, 9:
nescio an ullum tempus jucundius exegerim,
I do not know whether I have ever passed time more pleasantly, id. 3, 1:
namque huic uni contigit, quod nescio an ulli,
Nep. Timol. 1, 1; Sen. Contr. 3 praef.; Quint. 9, 4, 1:
nostri quoque soloecum, soloecismum nescio an umquam dixerint,
Gell. 5, 20 al. Cf. upon this word Hand, Turs. I. pp. 296-361, and Beier, Exc. ad Cic. Am. pp. 202-238.
2.
an-, v. ambi.
3.
- ăn. This word appears in forsan, forsitan, and fortasse an (Att. Trag. Rel. p. 151 Rib.) or fortassan, seeming to enhance the idea of uncertainty and doubt belonging to fors, etc., and is regarded by some as the Greek conditional particle an, and indeed one of these compounds, forsitan, sometimes in the Vulgate, translates an; as, Joan. 4, 10; 5, 46; 8, 19; and in 3, Joan. 9, it still represents the various reading, an.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > an
4 dubio

dŭbĭus, a, um, adj. [for duhibius, duohabeo, held as two or double, i. e. doubtful; cf. dubito, Corss. Ausspr. 2, 1027].
I.
Moving in two directions alternately, vibrating to and fro, fluctuating (cf. ambiguus, anceps, incertus, perplexus, duplex).
A.
Lit. (very rare):
ut vas non quit constare, nisi humor Destitit in dubio fluctu jactarier intus,
Lucr. 6, 556; cf.:
fluctibus dubiis volvi coeptum est mare,
Liv. 37, 16, 4.—Far more freq. and class.,
B.
Trop., vacillating in mind, uncertain.
1.
Act.
a.
Wavering in opinion, doubting, doubtful, dubious, uncertain, = ambigens, haesitans, etc.:
sin est is homo, anni multi me dubiam dant,
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 17:
quae res est, quae cujusquam animum in hac causa dubium facere possit?
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10.— With an interrog. clause, A. and S. Gr. §
213 R. 4 (1.): temptat dubiam mentem rationis egestas, ecquae nam fuerit mundi genitalis origo,
Lucr. 5, 1211; cf.:
equites procul visi ab dubiis, quinam essent,
Liv. 4, 40:
dubius sum, quid faciam,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 40:
dubius, unde rumperet silentium,
id. Epod. 5, 85:
spemque metumque inter dubii, seu vivere credant, Sive extrema pati,
Verg. A. 1, 218; cf. Liv. 1, 42:
Philippus non dubius, quin, etc.,
id. 31, 42:
haud dubius quin,
id. 42, 14; Curt. 5, 12.—With acc. and inf.:
dictator minime dubius, bellum cum his populis Patres jussuros,
Liv. 6, 14; so,
haud dubius,
id. 31, 24; Curt. 9, 7:
nec sum animi dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum Quam sit,
well aware how hard it is, Verg. G. 3, 289; so,
dubius with the genitives animi, Auct. B. Alex. 56, 2: mentis,
Ov. F. 6, 572:
consilii,
Just. 2, 13:
sententiae,
Liv. 33, 25 Drak.:
salutis,
Ov. M. 15, 438:
vitae,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 25:
fati,
Luc. 7, 611 al.; cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 437; A. and S. Gr. § 213 R. 1 ( a.).—
b.
Wavering in resolution, irresolute, undecided (very rare):
dubio atque haesitante Jugurtha incolumes transeunt,
Sall. J. 107, 6; cf.
hostes (opp. firmi),
id. ib. 51 fin.:
nutantes ac dubiae civitates,
Suet. Caes. 4 fin.:
quid faciat dubius,
Ov. M. 8, 441.— Poet. transf.:
cuspis,
Sil. 4, 188.—
2.
Pass., that is doubted of, uncertain, doubtful, dubious, undetermined (so most freq. in all periods and kinds of composition):
videsne igitur, quae dubia sint, ea sumi pro certis atque concessis?
Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106; cf. id. ib. 2, 50 fin.; id. Fin. 4, 24, 67; id. de Or. 1, 20, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; Quint. 3, 4, 8; 7, 8, 6:
nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas Ab dubiis,
Lucr. 4, 468 (cf. verba, vague language, opp. aperta, Quint. 7, 2, 48):
jus, opp. certum,
id. 12, 3, 6;
opp. confessum,
id. 7, 7, 7:
in regno, ubi ne obscura quidem est aut dubia servitus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 31:
dubium vel anceps genus causarum,
Quint. 4, 1, 40; cf. id. 9, 2, 69: dubii variique casus, Auct. ap. Cic. Clu. 21, 58:
et incerta societas,
Suet. Aug. 17 et saep.:
quia sciebam dubiam esse fortunam scenicam, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 8: salus (opp. aperta pernicies),
Cic. N. D. 3, 27, 69:
spes pacis,
id. Att. 8, 13:
victoria,
Caes. B. G. 7, 80, 6; cf.:
victoria, praeda, laus,
Sall. J. 85, 48:
Marte,
Vell. 2, 55, 3:
spes armorum,
id. 2, 71:
discrimen pugnae,
indecisive, Sil. 5, 519:
proelia,
Tac. G. 6:
auctor,
unknown, Ov. M. 12, 61 et saep.:
an auspicia repetenda, ne quid dubiis diis agerem?
i. e. unassured of their favor, Liv. 8, 32:
dubii socii suspensaeque ex fortuna fidei (opp. fideles socii and certi hostes),
id. 44, 18; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 3, 5:
Hispaniae,
Tac. A. 3, 44; cf.:
gens dubiae ad id voluntatis,
Liv. 9, 15:
lux,
i. e. morning twilight, dawn, Ov. M. 11, 596:
sidera,
Juv. 5, 22; cf.
nox,
evening twilight, Ov. M. 4, 401:
caelum,
i. e. over cast, Verg. G. 1, 252:
fulgor solis,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 670; cf.:
et quasi languidus dies,
Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 6:
dubiāque tegens lanugine malas,
i. e. between down and a beard, Ov. M. 9, 398; 13, 754; cf.:
dubia lanuginis umbra, Claud. Epith. Pall. et Cel. 42: vina,
not sure to ripen, Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 319:
consilia,
wavering, Tac. Agr. 18 et saep.:
hunc annum sequitur annus haud dubiis consulibus (shortly thereafter the contrary: Papirius Semproniusque, quorum de consulatu dubitabatur),
Liv. 4, 8; so,
haud dubius praetor,
id. 39, 39 fin.:
haud dubii hostes,
open enemies, id. 37, 49:
haud dubii Galli (opp. degeneres, mixti, Gallograeci vere),
id. 38, 17: cena dubia, see below, II.—
b.
In the neutr. absol.
(α).
(Non, haud) dubium est, it is ( not, not at all) doubtful, uncertain, undecided. (aa) Absol.:
si quid erit dubium,
Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 40:
haud dubium id quidem est,
id. Poen. 3, 4, 27; Ter. And. 2, 3, 25; cf.
in the interrog.: o! dubiumne id est?
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 49; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 46; id. Phorm. 5, 2, 9; and with the dat.:
an dubium id tibi est?
Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 38; Cic. Fam. 4, 15.—(bb) With de:
de Pompeii exitu mihi dubium numquam fuit,
Cic. Att. 11, 6, 5; so,
de eorum jure,
id. de Or. 1, 57:
de re,
Quint. 7, 3, 4; cf. id. 7, 6, 3.—(ng) With an interrog. clause:
illud dubium (est), ad id, quod summum bonum dicitis, ecquaenam fieri possit accessio,
Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 67; cf. Quint. 7, 9, 12:
hoc ergo, credo, dubium est, uter nostrum sit verecundior,
Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 126:
hoc enim dubium est, utrum... an,
Quint. 6, 3, 83:
Ambiorix copias suas judicione non conduxerit... an tempore exclusus, dubium est,
Caes. B. G. 6, 31, 1:
an dubium vobis fuit inesse vis aliqua videretur necne?
Cic. Caecin. 11, 31 et saep.—Since the Aug. per. freq. dubium, absol. and adv.:
codicilli, dubium ad quem scripti,
Quint. 7, 2, 52:
quo postquam dubium pius an sceleratus, Orestes venerat,
Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 69; Suet. Caes. 58; id. Aug. 28; id. Tib. 10; Flor. 1, 1, 12; 2, 14, 3:
Erechtheus, Justitiā dubium validisne potentior armis,
Ov. M. 6, 678; cf. id. Pont. 3, 1, 17:
neque multo post exstincto Maximo, dubium an quaesita morte,
Tac. A. 1, 5; Flor. 1, 1, 8; 4, 2, 91 al.—(dd) Non dubium est quin uxorem nolit filius, Ter. And. 1, 2, 1; id. Eun. 5, 6, 27; Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 32; id. Att. 13, 45; Quint. 11, 2, 10 et saep.:
haud dubium est, quin,
Ter. And. 2, 3, 17; 3, 2, 50; id. Ad. 5, 9, 19;
and interrog.,
Quint. 3, 2, 1; 10, 1, 5. —(ee) With acc. and inf.:
periisso me una haud dubium est,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 46; so Liv. 38, 6; Suet. Caes. 52 fin.; cf.
interrog.: an dubium tibi est, eam esse hanc?
Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 9.—Ellipt.:
si exploratum tibi sit posse te, etc., non esse cunctandum: si dubium sit, non esse conandum,
Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 5.—
(β).
Dubium habere, to regard as uncertain, to doubt:
an tu dubium habebis, etiam sancte quom jurem tibi?
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 112:
an dubium habetis, num obficere quid vobis possit? etc.,
Sall. H. Fragm. III. 61, 8 Dietsch; cf.:
haec habere dubia, neque, etc.,
Cic. Ac. 2, 9 fin. —
(γ).
In dubium:
in dubium vocare,
to call in question, Cic. de Or. 2, 34; cf.: illud me dixisse nemo vocabit in dubium, Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 5. Vid. also under 3. b.:
venire in dubium,
Cic. Quint. 2; id. ib. 21, 67; Liv. 3, 13; cf.:
alii non veniunt in dubium de voluntate,
i. e. there is no doubt what their wish is, Cic. Att. 11, 15, 2. Vid. also under 3. b.—
(δ).
In dubio, in doubt, in question, undetermined:
dum in dubio est animus,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; cf. Luc. 7, 247:
in dubioque fuere utrorum ad regna cadendum esset, etc.,
Lucr. 3, 836; cf. id. 1085; Quint. 7, 9, 9:
aestate potius quam hieme dandum, non est in dubio,
Plin. 25, 5, 24, § 59 et saep.:
ut in dubio poneret, utrum... an, etc.,
Liv. 34, 5. Vid. also 3. b.—
(ε).
Sine dubio, without doubt, doubtless, indisputably, certainly (very freq.; in Cic. more than twenty times; not in Caes. and Sall.): Th. Numquid dubitas quin? etc. Gn. Sine dubio, opinor, Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 14; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2; 47; id. Cat. 2, 1; id. Balb. 24, 55; id. Tusc. 2, 7, 18; id. Off. 1, 29, 102; id. N. D. 1, 9, 23; id. Att. 1, 19, 2 et saep. Vid. the passages in Stuerenb. Cic. Off. p. 134 sq. Sometimes, esp. in Quint., with adversative particles: sed, verum, at, etc., no doubt, doubtless... but, yet, etc.: cum te togatis omnibus sine dubio anteferret... sed, etc.. Cic. N. D. 1, 21, 58; so with sed, id. de Or, 3, 57; Quint. 1, 6, 38; 5, 10, 53; 6, 3, 64;
with sed tamen,
id. 12, 6, 7;
with tamen,
id. 3, 8, 21; 5, 7, 28; 6, 4, 12;
with verum,
id. 8 prooem. § 33;
with at,
id. 8, 3, 67;
with autem,
id. 1, 6, 12 Spald.—
(ζ).
Procul dubio, beyond question, undoubtedly (very rare), Lucr. 3, 638; Liv. 39, 40 fin.; Plin. 18, 21, 50, § 187; and:
dubio procul,
Lucr. 1, 812; 2, 261.—
3.
Meton., like anceps (4), doubtful, dubious, i. e. precarious, dangerous, critical, difficult (freq. but mostly poet.):
res dubias, egenas, inopiosas consili,
critical condition, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 2; so,
res,
id. Capt. 2, 3, 46; id. Most. 5, 1, 1; Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; id. J. 14, 5; Liv. 2, 50 fin.; Tac. A. 2, 62; Verg. A. 6, 196; 11, 445 al.; cf.
pericla (with advorsae res),
Lucr. 3, 55; 1076:
tempora (opp. secunda),
Hor. C. 4, 9, 36:
mons erat ascensu dubius,
Prop. 4, 4, 83; cf.:
quae (loca) dubia nisu videbantur,
Sall. J. 94, 2.—
b.
In the neutr. absol. (i. q. discrimen, II. B. 2, and periculum):
mea quidem hercle certe in dubio vita est,
is in danger, Ter. And. 2, 2, 10 Ruhnk.; Sall. C. 52, 6; cf. Ov. Am. 2, 13, 2:
sese suas exercitusque fortunas in dubium non devocaturum,
Caes. B. G. 6, 7, 6; cf. Cic. Caecin. 27, 76:
tua fama et gnatae vita in dubium veniet,
Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 42; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 35; Ov. H. 16, 138 Loers.— Plur. as subst.:
hinc Italae gentes in dubiis responsa petunt,
Verg. A. 7, 86:
mens dubiis percussa pavet,
Luc. 6, 596.
II.
For the syn. varius, manifold, various (only in the foll. passages): o multimodis variūm et dubiūm et prosperūm copem diem, Pac. ap. Non. 84, 23 (Trag. Rel. p. 115, ed. Rib.). And so prob. is to be explained dubia cena, a multifarious, richly provided supper, Ter. Ph. 2, 2, 28 (for the subjoined explanation of Terence: ubi tu dubites, quid sumas potissimum, is only outwardly adapted to the meaning of dubius); so,
dubia cena,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 77; and:
fercula dubiae cenae,
Aus. Mos. 102; Hier. Ep. 22, no. 16.—Hence, adv., in two forms.
(α).
dŭbĭe (acc. to I. B. 1.), doubtfully, dubiously (not in Plaut., Ter., or Caes.):
potest accidere, ut aliquod signum dubie datum pro certo sit acceptum,
Cic. Div. 1, 55.—Esp. freq. (particularly since the Aug. per.) with negatives: haud (rarely non) dubie, undoubtedly, indisputably, positively, certainly:
etsi non dubie mihi nuntiabatur Parthos transisse Euphratem, tamen, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 15, 1 (nowhere else as an adv. in Cic.):
non dubie,
Quint. 7, 2, 6; 9, 4, 67; Front. Strat. 2, 3, 16; and with sed (cf. dubius, I. B. 2. b. e), Quint. 11, 2, 1; so,
too, nec dubie,
Liv. 2, 23 fin.; Quint. 2, 14, 2;
and with verum,
id. 3, 4, 1;
with sed,
Tac. A. 4, 19 fin.: haud dubie jam victor, [p. 615] Sall. J. 102, 1 (cf. on the contrary in Cic.: sine ulla dubitatione hostis, Phil. 14, 4, 10; cf. Liv. 3, 38; Cic. Cat. 4, 3, 5); so,
haud dubie,
Liv. 1, 9; 13; 3, 24; 38; 53; 4, 2; 23; 5, 10 fin.; 33 fin.; 49 fin. et saep. (about 70 times; see the passages in Stuerenb. Cic. Off. p. 138); Quint. 10, 1, 85; Tac. A. 2, 43; 88; id. H. 1, 7; 46; 72; 3, 86; 4, 27 fin.; 80; id. G. 28; Suet. Caes. 55; id. Calig. 9; id. Galb. 2; Vulg. Lev. 13, 43.—
(β).
dubio = dubie, App. M. 9, 2.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dubio
5 dubium

dŭbĭus, a, um, adj. [for duhibius, duohabeo, held as two or double, i. e. doubtful; cf. dubito, Corss. Ausspr. 2, 1027].
I.
Moving in two directions alternately, vibrating to and fro, fluctuating (cf. ambiguus, anceps, incertus, perplexus, duplex).
A.
Lit. (very rare):
ut vas non quit constare, nisi humor Destitit in dubio fluctu jactarier intus,
Lucr. 6, 556; cf.:
fluctibus dubiis volvi coeptum est mare,
Liv. 37, 16, 4.—Far more freq. and class.,
B.
Trop., vacillating in mind, uncertain.
1.
Act.
a.
Wavering in opinion, doubting, doubtful, dubious, uncertain, = ambigens, haesitans, etc.:
sin est is homo, anni multi me dubiam dant,
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 17:
quae res est, quae cujusquam animum in hac causa dubium facere possit?
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10.— With an interrog. clause, A. and S. Gr. §
213 R. 4 (1.): temptat dubiam mentem rationis egestas, ecquae nam fuerit mundi genitalis origo,
Lucr. 5, 1211; cf.:
equites procul visi ab dubiis, quinam essent,
Liv. 4, 40:
dubius sum, quid faciam,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 40:
dubius, unde rumperet silentium,
id. Epod. 5, 85:
spemque metumque inter dubii, seu vivere credant, Sive extrema pati,
Verg. A. 1, 218; cf. Liv. 1, 42:
Philippus non dubius, quin, etc.,
id. 31, 42:
haud dubius quin,
id. 42, 14; Curt. 5, 12.—With acc. and inf.:
dictator minime dubius, bellum cum his populis Patres jussuros,
Liv. 6, 14; so,
haud dubius,
id. 31, 24; Curt. 9, 7:
nec sum animi dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum Quam sit,
well aware how hard it is, Verg. G. 3, 289; so,
dubius with the genitives animi, Auct. B. Alex. 56, 2: mentis,
Ov. F. 6, 572:
consilii,
Just. 2, 13:
sententiae,
Liv. 33, 25 Drak.:
salutis,
Ov. M. 15, 438:
vitae,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 25:
fati,
Luc. 7, 611 al.; cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 437; A. and S. Gr. § 213 R. 1 ( a.).—
b.
Wavering in resolution, irresolute, undecided (very rare):
dubio atque haesitante Jugurtha incolumes transeunt,
Sall. J. 107, 6; cf.
hostes (opp. firmi),
id. ib. 51 fin.:
nutantes ac dubiae civitates,
Suet. Caes. 4 fin.:
quid faciat dubius,
Ov. M. 8, 441.— Poet. transf.:
cuspis,
Sil. 4, 188.—
2.
Pass., that is doubted of, uncertain, doubtful, dubious, undetermined (so most freq. in all periods and kinds of composition):
videsne igitur, quae dubia sint, ea sumi pro certis atque concessis?
Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106; cf. id. ib. 2, 50 fin.; id. Fin. 4, 24, 67; id. de Or. 1, 20, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; Quint. 3, 4, 8; 7, 8, 6:
nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas Ab dubiis,
Lucr. 4, 468 (cf. verba, vague language, opp. aperta, Quint. 7, 2, 48):
jus, opp. certum,
id. 12, 3, 6;
opp. confessum,
id. 7, 7, 7:
in regno, ubi ne obscura quidem est aut dubia servitus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 31:
dubium vel anceps genus causarum,
Quint. 4, 1, 40; cf. id. 9, 2, 69: dubii variique casus, Auct. ap. Cic. Clu. 21, 58:
et incerta societas,
Suet. Aug. 17 et saep.:
quia sciebam dubiam esse fortunam scenicam, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 8: salus (opp. aperta pernicies),
Cic. N. D. 3, 27, 69:
spes pacis,
id. Att. 8, 13:
victoria,
Caes. B. G. 7, 80, 6; cf.:
victoria, praeda, laus,
Sall. J. 85, 48:
Marte,
Vell. 2, 55, 3:
spes armorum,
id. 2, 71:
discrimen pugnae,
indecisive, Sil. 5, 519:
proelia,
Tac. G. 6:
auctor,
unknown, Ov. M. 12, 61 et saep.:
an auspicia repetenda, ne quid dubiis diis agerem?
i. e. unassured of their favor, Liv. 8, 32:
dubii socii suspensaeque ex fortuna fidei (opp. fideles socii and certi hostes),
id. 44, 18; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 3, 5:
Hispaniae,
Tac. A. 3, 44; cf.:
gens dubiae ad id voluntatis,
Liv. 9, 15:
lux,
i. e. morning twilight, dawn, Ov. M. 11, 596:
sidera,
Juv. 5, 22; cf.
nox,
evening twilight, Ov. M. 4, 401:
caelum,
i. e. over cast, Verg. G. 1, 252:
fulgor solis,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 670; cf.:
et quasi languidus dies,
Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 6:
dubiāque tegens lanugine malas,
i. e. between down and a beard, Ov. M. 9, 398; 13, 754; cf.:
dubia lanuginis umbra, Claud. Epith. Pall. et Cel. 42: vina,
not sure to ripen, Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 319:
consilia,
wavering, Tac. Agr. 18 et saep.:
hunc annum sequitur annus haud dubiis consulibus (shortly thereafter the contrary: Papirius Semproniusque, quorum de consulatu dubitabatur),
Liv. 4, 8; so,
haud dubius praetor,
id. 39, 39 fin.:
haud dubii hostes,
open enemies, id. 37, 49:
haud dubii Galli (opp. degeneres, mixti, Gallograeci vere),
id. 38, 17: cena dubia, see below, II.—
b.
In the neutr. absol.
(α).
(Non, haud) dubium est, it is ( not, not at all) doubtful, uncertain, undecided. (aa) Absol.:
si quid erit dubium,
Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 40:
haud dubium id quidem est,
id. Poen. 3, 4, 27; Ter. And. 2, 3, 25; cf.
in the interrog.: o! dubiumne id est?
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 49; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 46; id. Phorm. 5, 2, 9; and with the dat.:
an dubium id tibi est?
Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 38; Cic. Fam. 4, 15.—(bb) With de:
de Pompeii exitu mihi dubium numquam fuit,
Cic. Att. 11, 6, 5; so,
de eorum jure,
id. de Or. 1, 57:
de re,
Quint. 7, 3, 4; cf. id. 7, 6, 3.—(ng) With an interrog. clause:
illud dubium (est), ad id, quod summum bonum dicitis, ecquaenam fieri possit accessio,
Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 67; cf. Quint. 7, 9, 12:
hoc ergo, credo, dubium est, uter nostrum sit verecundior,
Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 126:
hoc enim dubium est, utrum... an,
Quint. 6, 3, 83:
Ambiorix copias suas judicione non conduxerit... an tempore exclusus, dubium est,
Caes. B. G. 6, 31, 1:
an dubium vobis fuit inesse vis aliqua videretur necne?
Cic. Caecin. 11, 31 et saep.—Since the Aug. per. freq. dubium, absol. and adv.:
codicilli, dubium ad quem scripti,
Quint. 7, 2, 52:
quo postquam dubium pius an sceleratus, Orestes venerat,
Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 69; Suet. Caes. 58; id. Aug. 28; id. Tib. 10; Flor. 1, 1, 12; 2, 14, 3:
Erechtheus, Justitiā dubium validisne potentior armis,
Ov. M. 6, 678; cf. id. Pont. 3, 1, 17:
neque multo post exstincto Maximo, dubium an quaesita morte,
Tac. A. 1, 5; Flor. 1, 1, 8; 4, 2, 91 al.—(dd) Non dubium est quin uxorem nolit filius, Ter. And. 1, 2, 1; id. Eun. 5, 6, 27; Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 32; id. Att. 13, 45; Quint. 11, 2, 10 et saep.:
haud dubium est, quin,
Ter. And. 2, 3, 17; 3, 2, 50; id. Ad. 5, 9, 19;
and interrog.,
Quint. 3, 2, 1; 10, 1, 5. —(ee) With acc. and inf.:
periisso me una haud dubium est,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 46; so Liv. 38, 6; Suet. Caes. 52 fin.; cf.
interrog.: an dubium tibi est, eam esse hanc?
Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 9.—Ellipt.:
si exploratum tibi sit posse te, etc., non esse cunctandum: si dubium sit, non esse conandum,
Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 5.—
(β).
Dubium habere, to regard as uncertain, to doubt:
an tu dubium habebis, etiam sancte quom jurem tibi?
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 112:
an dubium habetis, num obficere quid vobis possit? etc.,
Sall. H. Fragm. III. 61, 8 Dietsch; cf.:
haec habere dubia, neque, etc.,
Cic. Ac. 2, 9 fin. —
(γ).
In dubium:
in dubium vocare,
to call in question, Cic. de Or. 2, 34; cf.: illud me dixisse nemo vocabit in dubium, Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 5. Vid. also under 3. b.:
venire in dubium,
Cic. Quint. 2; id. ib. 21, 67; Liv. 3, 13; cf.:
alii non veniunt in dubium de voluntate,
i. e. there is no doubt what their wish is, Cic. Att. 11, 15, 2. Vid. also under 3. b.—
(δ).
In dubio, in doubt, in question, undetermined:
dum in dubio est animus,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; cf. Luc. 7, 247:
in dubioque fuere utrorum ad regna cadendum esset, etc.,
Lucr. 3, 836; cf. id. 1085; Quint. 7, 9, 9:
aestate potius quam hieme dandum, non est in dubio,
Plin. 25, 5, 24, § 59 et saep.:
ut in dubio poneret, utrum... an, etc.,
Liv. 34, 5. Vid. also 3. b.—
(ε).
Sine dubio, without doubt, doubtless, indisputably, certainly (very freq.; in Cic. more than twenty times; not in Caes. and Sall.): Th. Numquid dubitas quin? etc. Gn. Sine dubio, opinor, Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 14; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2; 47; id. Cat. 2, 1; id. Balb. 24, 55; id. Tusc. 2, 7, 18; id. Off. 1, 29, 102; id. N. D. 1, 9, 23; id. Att. 1, 19, 2 et saep. Vid. the passages in Stuerenb. Cic. Off. p. 134 sq. Sometimes, esp. in Quint., with adversative particles: sed, verum, at, etc., no doubt, doubtless... but, yet, etc.: cum te togatis omnibus sine dubio anteferret... sed, etc.. Cic. N. D. 1, 21, 58; so with sed, id. de Or, 3, 57; Quint. 1, 6, 38; 5, 10, 53; 6, 3, 64;
with sed tamen,
id. 12, 6, 7;
with tamen,
id. 3, 8, 21; 5, 7, 28; 6, 4, 12;
with verum,
id. 8 prooem. § 33;
with at,
id. 8, 3, 67;
with autem,
id. 1, 6, 12 Spald.—
(ζ).
Procul dubio, beyond question, undoubtedly (very rare), Lucr. 3, 638; Liv. 39, 40 fin.; Plin. 18, 21, 50, § 187; and:
dubio procul,
Lucr. 1, 812; 2, 261.—
3.
Meton., like anceps (4), doubtful, dubious, i. e. precarious, dangerous, critical, difficult (freq. but mostly poet.):
res dubias, egenas, inopiosas consili,
critical condition, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 2; so,
res,
id. Capt. 2, 3, 46; id. Most. 5, 1, 1; Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; id. J. 14, 5; Liv. 2, 50 fin.; Tac. A. 2, 62; Verg. A. 6, 196; 11, 445 al.; cf.
pericla (with advorsae res),
Lucr. 3, 55; 1076:
tempora (opp. secunda),
Hor. C. 4, 9, 36:
mons erat ascensu dubius,
Prop. 4, 4, 83; cf.:
quae (loca) dubia nisu videbantur,
Sall. J. 94, 2.—
b.
In the neutr. absol. (i. q. discrimen, II. B. 2, and periculum):
mea quidem hercle certe in dubio vita est,
is in danger, Ter. And. 2, 2, 10 Ruhnk.; Sall. C. 52, 6; cf. Ov. Am. 2, 13, 2:
sese suas exercitusque fortunas in dubium non devocaturum,
Caes. B. G. 6, 7, 6; cf. Cic. Caecin. 27, 76:
tua fama et gnatae vita in dubium veniet,
Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 42; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 35; Ov. H. 16, 138 Loers.— Plur. as subst.:
hinc Italae gentes in dubiis responsa petunt,
Verg. A. 7, 86:
mens dubiis percussa pavet,
Luc. 6, 596.
II.
For the syn. varius, manifold, various (only in the foll. passages): o multimodis variūm et dubiūm et prosperūm copem diem, Pac. ap. Non. 84, 23 (Trag. Rel. p. 115, ed. Rib.). And so prob. is to be explained dubia cena, a multifarious, richly provided supper, Ter. Ph. 2, 2, 28 (for the subjoined explanation of Terence: ubi tu dubites, quid sumas potissimum, is only outwardly adapted to the meaning of dubius); so,
dubia cena,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 77; and:
fercula dubiae cenae,
Aus. Mos. 102; Hier. Ep. 22, no. 16.—Hence, adv., in two forms.
(α).
dŭbĭe (acc. to I. B. 1.), doubtfully, dubiously (not in Plaut., Ter., or Caes.):
potest accidere, ut aliquod signum dubie datum pro certo sit acceptum,
Cic. Div. 1, 55.—Esp. freq. (particularly since the Aug. per.) with negatives: haud (rarely non) dubie, undoubtedly, indisputably, positively, certainly:
etsi non dubie mihi nuntiabatur Parthos transisse Euphratem, tamen, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 15, 1 (nowhere else as an adv. in Cic.):
non dubie,
Quint. 7, 2, 6; 9, 4, 67; Front. Strat. 2, 3, 16; and with sed (cf. dubius, I. B. 2. b. e), Quint. 11, 2, 1; so,
too, nec dubie,
Liv. 2, 23 fin.; Quint. 2, 14, 2;
and with verum,
id. 3, 4, 1;
with sed,
Tac. A. 4, 19 fin.: haud dubie jam victor, [p. 615] Sall. J. 102, 1 (cf. on the contrary in Cic.: sine ulla dubitatione hostis, Phil. 14, 4, 10; cf. Liv. 3, 38; Cic. Cat. 4, 3, 5); so,
haud dubie,
Liv. 1, 9; 13; 3, 24; 38; 53; 4, 2; 23; 5, 10 fin.; 33 fin.; 49 fin. et saep. (about 70 times; see the passages in Stuerenb. Cic. Off. p. 138); Quint. 10, 1, 85; Tac. A. 2, 43; 88; id. H. 1, 7; 46; 72; 3, 86; 4, 27 fin.; 80; id. G. 28; Suet. Caes. 55; id. Calig. 9; id. Galb. 2; Vulg. Lev. 13, 43.—
(β).
dubio = dubie, App. M. 9, 2.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dubium
6 dubius

dŭbĭus, a, um, adj. [for duhibius, duohabeo, held as two or double, i. e. doubtful; cf. dubito, Corss. Ausspr. 2, 1027].
I.
Moving in two directions alternately, vibrating to and fro, fluctuating (cf. ambiguus, anceps, incertus, perplexus, duplex).
A.
Lit. (very rare):
ut vas non quit constare, nisi humor Destitit in dubio fluctu jactarier intus,
Lucr. 6, 556; cf.:
fluctibus dubiis volvi coeptum est mare,
Liv. 37, 16, 4.—Far more freq. and class.,
B.
Trop., vacillating in mind, uncertain.
1.
Act.
a.
Wavering in opinion, doubting, doubtful, dubious, uncertain, = ambigens, haesitans, etc.:
sin est is homo, anni multi me dubiam dant,
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 17:
quae res est, quae cujusquam animum in hac causa dubium facere possit?
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10.— With an interrog. clause, A. and S. Gr. §
213 R. 4 (1.): temptat dubiam mentem rationis egestas, ecquae nam fuerit mundi genitalis origo,
Lucr. 5, 1211; cf.:
equites procul visi ab dubiis, quinam essent,
Liv. 4, 40:
dubius sum, quid faciam,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 40:
dubius, unde rumperet silentium,
id. Epod. 5, 85:
spemque metumque inter dubii, seu vivere credant, Sive extrema pati,
Verg. A. 1, 218; cf. Liv. 1, 42:
Philippus non dubius, quin, etc.,
id. 31, 42:
haud dubius quin,
id. 42, 14; Curt. 5, 12.—With acc. and inf.:
dictator minime dubius, bellum cum his populis Patres jussuros,
Liv. 6, 14; so,
haud dubius,
id. 31, 24; Curt. 9, 7:
nec sum animi dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum Quam sit,
well aware how hard it is, Verg. G. 3, 289; so,
dubius with the genitives animi, Auct. B. Alex. 56, 2: mentis,
Ov. F. 6, 572:
consilii,
Just. 2, 13:
sententiae,
Liv. 33, 25 Drak.:
salutis,
Ov. M. 15, 438:
vitae,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 25:
fati,
Luc. 7, 611 al.; cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 437; A. and S. Gr. § 213 R. 1 ( a.).—
b.
Wavering in resolution, irresolute, undecided (very rare):
dubio atque haesitante Jugurtha incolumes transeunt,
Sall. J. 107, 6; cf.
hostes (opp. firmi),
id. ib. 51 fin.:
nutantes ac dubiae civitates,
Suet. Caes. 4 fin.:
quid faciat dubius,
Ov. M. 8, 441.— Poet. transf.:
cuspis,
Sil. 4, 188.—
2.
Pass., that is doubted of, uncertain, doubtful, dubious, undetermined (so most freq. in all periods and kinds of composition):
videsne igitur, quae dubia sint, ea sumi pro certis atque concessis?
Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106; cf. id. ib. 2, 50 fin.; id. Fin. 4, 24, 67; id. de Or. 1, 20, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; Quint. 3, 4, 8; 7, 8, 6:
nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas Ab dubiis,
Lucr. 4, 468 (cf. verba, vague language, opp. aperta, Quint. 7, 2, 48):
jus, opp. certum,
id. 12, 3, 6;
opp. confessum,
id. 7, 7, 7:
in regno, ubi ne obscura quidem est aut dubia servitus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 31:
dubium vel anceps genus causarum,
Quint. 4, 1, 40; cf. id. 9, 2, 69: dubii variique casus, Auct. ap. Cic. Clu. 21, 58:
et incerta societas,
Suet. Aug. 17 et saep.:
quia sciebam dubiam esse fortunam scenicam, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 8: salus (opp. aperta pernicies),
Cic. N. D. 3, 27, 69:
spes pacis,
id. Att. 8, 13:
victoria,
Caes. B. G. 7, 80, 6; cf.:
victoria, praeda, laus,
Sall. J. 85, 48:
Marte,
Vell. 2, 55, 3:
spes armorum,
id. 2, 71:
discrimen pugnae,
indecisive, Sil. 5, 519:
proelia,
Tac. G. 6:
auctor,
unknown, Ov. M. 12, 61 et saep.:
an auspicia repetenda, ne quid dubiis diis agerem?
i. e. unassured of their favor, Liv. 8, 32:
dubii socii suspensaeque ex fortuna fidei (opp. fideles socii and certi hostes),
id. 44, 18; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 3, 5:
Hispaniae,
Tac. A. 3, 44; cf.:
gens dubiae ad id voluntatis,
Liv. 9, 15:
lux,
i. e. morning twilight, dawn, Ov. M. 11, 596:
sidera,
Juv. 5, 22; cf.
nox,
evening twilight, Ov. M. 4, 401:
caelum,
i. e. over cast, Verg. G. 1, 252:
fulgor solis,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 670; cf.:
et quasi languidus dies,
Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 6:
dubiāque tegens lanugine malas,
i. e. between down and a beard, Ov. M. 9, 398; 13, 754; cf.:
dubia lanuginis umbra, Claud. Epith. Pall. et Cel. 42: vina,
not sure to ripen, Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 319:
consilia,
wavering, Tac. Agr. 18 et saep.:
hunc annum sequitur annus haud dubiis consulibus (shortly thereafter the contrary: Papirius Semproniusque, quorum de consulatu dubitabatur),
Liv. 4, 8; so,
haud dubius praetor,
id. 39, 39 fin.:
haud dubii hostes,
open enemies, id. 37, 49:
haud dubii Galli (opp. degeneres, mixti, Gallograeci vere),
id. 38, 17: cena dubia, see below, II.—
b.
In the neutr. absol.
(α).
(Non, haud) dubium est, it is ( not, not at all) doubtful, uncertain, undecided. (aa) Absol.:
si quid erit dubium,
Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 40:
haud dubium id quidem est,
id. Poen. 3, 4, 27; Ter. And. 2, 3, 25; cf.
in the interrog.: o! dubiumne id est?
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 49; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 46; id. Phorm. 5, 2, 9; and with the dat.:
an dubium id tibi est?
Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 38; Cic. Fam. 4, 15.—(bb) With de:
de Pompeii exitu mihi dubium numquam fuit,
Cic. Att. 11, 6, 5; so,
de eorum jure,
id. de Or. 1, 57:
de re,
Quint. 7, 3, 4; cf. id. 7, 6, 3.—(ng) With an interrog. clause:
illud dubium (est), ad id, quod summum bonum dicitis, ecquaenam fieri possit accessio,
Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 67; cf. Quint. 7, 9, 12:
hoc ergo, credo, dubium est, uter nostrum sit verecundior,
Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 126:
hoc enim dubium est, utrum... an,
Quint. 6, 3, 83:
Ambiorix copias suas judicione non conduxerit... an tempore exclusus, dubium est,
Caes. B. G. 6, 31, 1:
an dubium vobis fuit inesse vis aliqua videretur necne?
Cic. Caecin. 11, 31 et saep.—Since the Aug. per. freq. dubium, absol. and adv.:
codicilli, dubium ad quem scripti,
Quint. 7, 2, 52:
quo postquam dubium pius an sceleratus, Orestes venerat,
Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 69; Suet. Caes. 58; id. Aug. 28; id. Tib. 10; Flor. 1, 1, 12; 2, 14, 3:
Erechtheus, Justitiā dubium validisne potentior armis,
Ov. M. 6, 678; cf. id. Pont. 3, 1, 17:
neque multo post exstincto Maximo, dubium an quaesita morte,
Tac. A. 1, 5; Flor. 1, 1, 8; 4, 2, 91 al.—(dd) Non dubium est quin uxorem nolit filius, Ter. And. 1, 2, 1; id. Eun. 5, 6, 27; Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 32; id. Att. 13, 45; Quint. 11, 2, 10 et saep.:
haud dubium est, quin,
Ter. And. 2, 3, 17; 3, 2, 50; id. Ad. 5, 9, 19;
and interrog.,
Quint. 3, 2, 1; 10, 1, 5. —(ee) With acc. and inf.:
periisso me una haud dubium est,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 46; so Liv. 38, 6; Suet. Caes. 52 fin.; cf.
interrog.: an dubium tibi est, eam esse hanc?
Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 9.—Ellipt.:
si exploratum tibi sit posse te, etc., non esse cunctandum: si dubium sit, non esse conandum,
Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 5.—
(β).
Dubium habere, to regard as uncertain, to doubt:
an tu dubium habebis, etiam sancte quom jurem tibi?
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 112:
an dubium habetis, num obficere quid vobis possit? etc.,
Sall. H. Fragm. III. 61, 8 Dietsch; cf.:
haec habere dubia, neque, etc.,
Cic. Ac. 2, 9 fin. —
(γ).
In dubium:
in dubium vocare,
to call in question, Cic. de Or. 2, 34; cf.: illud me dixisse nemo vocabit in dubium, Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 5. Vid. also under 3. b.:
venire in dubium,
Cic. Quint. 2; id. ib. 21, 67; Liv. 3, 13; cf.:
alii non veniunt in dubium de voluntate,
i. e. there is no doubt what their wish is, Cic. Att. 11, 15, 2. Vid. also under 3. b.—
(δ).
In dubio, in doubt, in question, undetermined:
dum in dubio est animus,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; cf. Luc. 7, 247:
in dubioque fuere utrorum ad regna cadendum esset, etc.,
Lucr. 3, 836; cf. id. 1085; Quint. 7, 9, 9:
aestate potius quam hieme dandum, non est in dubio,
Plin. 25, 5, 24, § 59 et saep.:
ut in dubio poneret, utrum... an, etc.,
Liv. 34, 5. Vid. also 3. b.—
(ε).
Sine dubio, without doubt, doubtless, indisputably, certainly (very freq.; in Cic. more than twenty times; not in Caes. and Sall.): Th. Numquid dubitas quin? etc. Gn. Sine dubio, opinor, Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 14; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2; 47; id. Cat. 2, 1; id. Balb. 24, 55; id. Tusc. 2, 7, 18; id. Off. 1, 29, 102; id. N. D. 1, 9, 23; id. Att. 1, 19, 2 et saep. Vid. the passages in Stuerenb. Cic. Off. p. 134 sq. Sometimes, esp. in Quint., with adversative particles: sed, verum, at, etc., no doubt, doubtless... but, yet, etc.: cum te togatis omnibus sine dubio anteferret... sed, etc.. Cic. N. D. 1, 21, 58; so with sed, id. de Or, 3, 57; Quint. 1, 6, 38; 5, 10, 53; 6, 3, 64;
with sed tamen,
id. 12, 6, 7;
with tamen,
id. 3, 8, 21; 5, 7, 28; 6, 4, 12;
with verum,
id. 8 prooem. § 33;
with at,
id. 8, 3, 67;
with autem,
id. 1, 6, 12 Spald.—
(ζ).
Procul dubio, beyond question, undoubtedly (very rare), Lucr. 3, 638; Liv. 39, 40 fin.; Plin. 18, 21, 50, § 187; and:
dubio procul,
Lucr. 1, 812; 2, 261.—
3.
Meton., like anceps (4), doubtful, dubious, i. e. precarious, dangerous, critical, difficult (freq. but mostly poet.):
res dubias, egenas, inopiosas consili,
critical condition, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 2; so,
res,
id. Capt. 2, 3, 46; id. Most. 5, 1, 1; Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; id. J. 14, 5; Liv. 2, 50 fin.; Tac. A. 2, 62; Verg. A. 6, 196; 11, 445 al.; cf.
pericla (with advorsae res),
Lucr. 3, 55; 1076:
tempora (opp. secunda),
Hor. C. 4, 9, 36:
mons erat ascensu dubius,
Prop. 4, 4, 83; cf.:
quae (loca) dubia nisu videbantur,
Sall. J. 94, 2.—
b.
In the neutr. absol. (i. q. discrimen, II. B. 2, and periculum):
mea quidem hercle certe in dubio vita est,
is in danger, Ter. And. 2, 2, 10 Ruhnk.; Sall. C. 52, 6; cf. Ov. Am. 2, 13, 2:
sese suas exercitusque fortunas in dubium non devocaturum,
Caes. B. G. 6, 7, 6; cf. Cic. Caecin. 27, 76:
tua fama et gnatae vita in dubium veniet,
Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 42; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 35; Ov. H. 16, 138 Loers.— Plur. as subst.:
hinc Italae gentes in dubiis responsa petunt,
Verg. A. 7, 86:
mens dubiis percussa pavet,
Luc. 6, 596.
II.
For the syn. varius, manifold, various (only in the foll. passages): o multimodis variūm et dubiūm et prosperūm copem diem, Pac. ap. Non. 84, 23 (Trag. Rel. p. 115, ed. Rib.). And so prob. is to be explained dubia cena, a multifarious, richly provided supper, Ter. Ph. 2, 2, 28 (for the subjoined explanation of Terence: ubi tu dubites, quid sumas potissimum, is only outwardly adapted to the meaning of dubius); so,
dubia cena,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 77; and:
fercula dubiae cenae,
Aus. Mos. 102; Hier. Ep. 22, no. 16.—Hence, adv., in two forms.
(α).
dŭbĭe (acc. to I. B. 1.), doubtfully, dubiously (not in Plaut., Ter., or Caes.):
potest accidere, ut aliquod signum dubie datum pro certo sit acceptum,
Cic. Div. 1, 55.—Esp. freq. (particularly since the Aug. per.) with negatives: haud (rarely non) dubie, undoubtedly, indisputably, positively, certainly:
etsi non dubie mihi nuntiabatur Parthos transisse Euphratem, tamen, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 15, 1 (nowhere else as an adv. in Cic.):
non dubie,
Quint. 7, 2, 6; 9, 4, 67; Front. Strat. 2, 3, 16; and with sed (cf. dubius, I. B. 2. b. e), Quint. 11, 2, 1; so,
too, nec dubie,
Liv. 2, 23 fin.; Quint. 2, 14, 2;
and with verum,
id. 3, 4, 1;
with sed,
Tac. A. 4, 19 fin.: haud dubie jam victor, [p. 615] Sall. J. 102, 1 (cf. on the contrary in Cic.: sine ulla dubitatione hostis, Phil. 14, 4, 10; cf. Liv. 3, 38; Cic. Cat. 4, 3, 5); so,
haud dubie,
Liv. 1, 9; 13; 3, 24; 38; 53; 4, 2; 23; 5, 10 fin.; 33 fin.; 49 fin. et saep. (about 70 times; see the passages in Stuerenb. Cic. Off. p. 138); Quint. 10, 1, 85; Tac. A. 2, 43; 88; id. H. 1, 7; 46; 72; 3, 86; 4, 27 fin.; 80; id. G. 28; Suet. Caes. 55; id. Calig. 9; id. Galb. 2; Vulg. Lev. 13, 43.—
(β).
dubio = dubie, App. M. 9, 2.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dubius
7 ad-dubitō

ad-dubitō āvī, ātus, āre, to entertain a doubt, incline to doubt, hesitate, be uncertain: paulisper addubitavit, an, etc., was in doubt whether, etc., L.: illud addubitat, utrum, etc, leaves in doubt, N.: parumper, an, etc., Cu.: re addubitatā, left undecided.

Latin-English dictionary > ad-dubitō
8 ambigō

ambigō ere, only present stem [ambi + ago], to go about, go around, avoid: patriam, Ta.—Fig., to hesitate, waver, doubt, be in doubt about: ius. quod ambigitur, of which there is a doubt: Quale quid sit, ambigitur, is uncertain: adspici volucrem, non ambigitur, cannot be doubted, Ta.: ne quis ambigat decus eam habere, Ta.—To argue, dispute, contend, debate: de vero: cum eo: de quo (fundo) nihil ambigebatur, there was no dispute.
* * *

ambigere, -, - V

hesitate, be in doubt; argue, dispute, contend; call in question; be at issue

Latin-English dictionary > ambigō
9 dubitō

dubitō āvī, ātus, āre, freq. [dubius], to waver in opinion, be uncertain, be in doubt, be perplexed, doubt, question: ut iam liceat non dubitantem dicere: de indicando: de quā (legione) non dubitaret, had full confidence, Cs.: de armis dubitatum est: si dubitatum est, utrum, etc., L.: haec non turpe est dubitare philosophos: Hoc quis dubitet? O.: si quod illorum dubitabitur: res minime dubitanda: dubitati tecta parentis, O.: qualis sit futurus (eventus belli), Cs.: quid fecerit: honestumne factu sit an turpe: Recte necne, etc., H.: si dubitet an turpe non sit, inclines to think: dubito an hunc primum ponam, perhaps, N.: an dea sim, dubitor, O.: non dubitat, quin sit Troia peritura, has no doubt: neque dubitare, quin libertatem sint erepturi, Cs.: qui potest dubitari, quin, etc.: non dubito, fore plerosque qui, etc., N.: haud dubitans Romanos abituros, L.: aut vincere aut, si fortuna dubitabit, etc., waver, L.— To deliberate, consider, ponder: dubitate quid agatis: restat ut hoc dubitemus, uter, etc.: percipe Quid dubitem, meditate, V.: an sontīs mergeret, O.— To waver, be irresolute, hesitate, delay: illi nubere, S.: omnia ventre metiri: transire flumen, Cs.: haud dubitans, without hesitation: eos hostīs appellare dubitamus?: non dubitaturus quin cederet: tum dubitandum non existimavit, quin proficisceretur, Cs.: quid dubitas? Cs.: perterritis ac dubitantibus ceteris, S.: nec res dubitare remittit, O.
* * *

dubitare, dubitavi, dubitatus V

doubt; deliberate; hesitate (over); be uncertain/irresolute

Latin-English dictionary > dubitō
10 addubito

ad-dŭbĭto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a., pr., to incline to doubt, to begin to doubt (in Cic. several times, but never in his orations).
I.
To be in doubt, to doubt; constr.
(α).
With de or in aliqua re:
de quo Panaetium addubitare dicebant,
Cic. N. D. 2, 46, 118:
de legatis paululum addubitatum est,
Liv. 2, 4:
in his addubitare turpissimum est,
Cic. Off. 3, 4, 18.—
(β).
With pron., or num, an, etc.:
ut addubitet, quid potius dicat,
Cic. Or. 40:
addubitavi, num a Volumnio senatore esset,
id. Fam. 7, 32:
an hoc inhonestum necne sit, addubites,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 124; so Liv. 8, 10; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 2, 4, 7:
illud addubitat, utrum, etc.,
Nep. Con. 5, 4 (acc. to Br. ad h. l.: to leave it undecided; cf. with dubitare, Cic. N. D. 1, 1).—
(γ).
With acc., to be doubtful of a thing, to call in question:
si plus adipiscare, re explicata, boni, quam addubitata mali,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83; so id. Div. 1, 47, 105.—
(δ).
With inf., to hesitate:
aptare lacertos addubitat,
Sil. 14, 358.—
(ε).
Absol.:
eos ipsos addubitare coget doctissimorum hominum tanta dissentio,
Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 14; Liv. 10, 19, 13; Plin. Ep. 2, 19, 1.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > addubito
11 dubitātiō

dubitātiō ōnis, f [dubito], uncertainty, doubt, perplexity: in causā: in eā dubitatione omnium: dubitationem adferre: eo sibi minus dubitationis dari, quod, etc., Cs.: sine ullā dubitatione, i. e. certainly: omnem dubitationem adventūs legionum expellere, Cs.: iuris (i. e. penes quem esset ius): de omnibus rebus: quidnam esset actum: nulla fuit, quin, etc. — A doubt, question, considering: indigna homine.— A wavering, hesitating, hesitancy, irresolution, delay: belli: aestuabat dubitatione: inter dubitationem et moras senatūs, S.: nullā interpositā dubitatione legiones educit, Cs.: sine ullā dubitatione, unhesitatingly: angunt me dubitationes tuae.
* * *

dubitationis N F

doubt, irresolution, uncertainty; wavering, hesitation; questioning

Latin-English dictionary > dubitātiō
12 certus

certus, a, um [orig. P. a. from cerno; hence], adj., determined, resolved, fixed, settled, purposed: non dubius.
I.
(Acc. to cerno, II. D.) Certum est (mihi), it is determined, it is my ( thy, his, etc.) decision, resolution, will, I am resolved, I mean, etc. (mostly ante-class.; most freq. in Plaut.); with inf.: quorum virtuti belli Fortuna pepercit, Eorundem me libertati parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 206 Vahl.):
certum'st hominem eludere,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 109:
tibi credere,
id. Aul. 4, 9, 7; cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 32; id. Curc. 2, 1, 1; id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Cist. 3, 1, 16; id. Ep. 5, 1, 57; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 37; id. Most. 1, 3, 80; id. Men. 5, 6, 12; id. Mil. 2, 3, 32; id. Merc. 3, 1, 7; id. Ps. 1, 5, 138; id. Poen. 5, 5, 25; id. Pers. 2, 2, 39; id. Rud. 3, 3, 22; id. Stich. 5, 4, 2; id. Trin. 2, 1, 34; id. Truc. 2, 6, 68; Ter. And. 2, 1, 11; id. Eun. 1, 2, 108: certum est deliberatumque, quae ad causam pertinere arbitror, omnia dicere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31:
certum atque decretum est non dare signum,
Liv. 2, 45, 13:
certum est igni circumdare muros,
Verg. A. 9, 153.—Certum'st mihi with inf., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 94; 3, 3, 23; id. Cas. 1, 1, 3; id. Mil. 3, 1, 154; id. Ps. 4, 8, 2; Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144; Liv. 35, 46, 13; Ov. M. 9, 53 al.—Without inf., esp. parenthet., with expression of purpose by a fut. tense:
certum est, malam rem potius quaeram cum lucro,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 15:
certum est, jam dicam patri,
id. Bacch. 3, 1, 15:
certum est, ibo ad medicum,
id. Merc. 2, 4, 4: An. Certumn' est tibi? Ly. Certum, id. Poen. 2, 48; cf. id. Stich. 4, 2, 33.—With pron. or subst.: Ar. Certumne'st tibi istuc? He. Non moriri certius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 74;
so further with istuc,
id. ib. 2, 1, 20; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 30:
mihi autem abjurare certius est quam dependere,
Cic. Att. 1, 8, 3:
ad eum senem oppugnare certum est consilium,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 60:
quae nunc sunt certa ei consilia, etc.,
Ter. And. 2, 3, 16:
certa res hanc est objurgare,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 73; so id. Merc. 5, 2, 16; id. Mil. 2, 4, 45; Ter. And. 2, 2, 31; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 16.—
b.
(From the time of the Aug. poets.) Transf. to the person who is determined upon something, determined, resolved, bent.
(α).
With inf.:
certa mori,
Verg. A. 4, 564 (cf. id. ib. 4, 475:
decrevitque mori): certi non cedere,
Ov. M. 9, 43:
certa sequi,
Val. Fl. 5, 47.—
(β).
With gen. (cf. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Zumpt, Gr. § 437, n. 1;
A. and S. § 213, R. 1): certus eundi,
Verg. A. 4, 554; Ov. M. 11, 440:
desciscendi,
Tac. H. 4, 14:
relinquendae vitae,
id. A. 4, 34:
necis,
Sil. 6, 27:
fugae,
Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 12:
destinationis,
Tac. A. 12, 32:
sceleris,
id. ib. 12, 66:
consilii,
id. H. 2, 46.—
(γ).
With an:
nec sat certa an cederet armis,
Sil. 9, 480.—
II.
An epithet of all those objects whose existence or reality is fixed, determined (hence in connection with definitus, Quint. 7, 10, 7;
with praefinitus,
Suet. Galb. 14), or in respect to which there can be no doubt (hence opp. dubius, Quint. 7, 6, 3; 5, 12, 3; 12, 3, 6 al.).
A.
Object.
1.
Of things whose external qualities, number, etc., are invariable, established, settled, fixed, particular, specified, etc. (class.):
Arboribus primum certis gravis umbra tributa,
Lucr. 6, 783:
fruges, bacae,
Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:
jam ad certas res conficiendas certos homines delectos ac descriptos habebat,
id. Cat. 3, 7, 16:
concilium in diem certam indicere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 30 fin.;
so with dies,
a fixed term, Cato, R. R. 149, 1; Cic. Att. 6, 2, 9; Nep. Chabr. 3, 1; Liv. 1, 50, 1; Tac. G. 9 al.; cf.:
certis diebus,
Verg. G. 2, 329:
quaerere ab judicibus cur in certa verba jurent, cur certo tempore conveniant, certo discedant,
Cic. Inv. 2, 45, 132; cf. Suet. Aug. 41:
certum praefinitumque tempus,
id. Galb. 14; and:
certum statumque vectigal,
id. Calig. 40:
pecunia (opp. arbitraria), v. arbitrarius: finis aerumnarum,
Lucr. 1, 108; cf. id. 2, 512; 8, 1091; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106; id. Ep. 1, 2, 56:
locus,
Caes. B. G. 5, 1, 6:
numerus,
id. ib. 7, 75:
signum,
fixed, agreed upon, id. B. C. 1, 27:
naves,
fixed in number and quality, id. ib. 1, 56:
pecuniae imperabantur,
id. ib. 3, 32 fin.:
conviva,
i. e. a daily, constant guest, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 75 Schmid:
ecquem tu illo certiorem nebulonem,
Cic. Att. 15, 21, 2.—
b.
But sometimes indef., like quidam, and our certain, of things, the certainty of whose existence is given, but whose nature is not more definitely designated, or comes not into consideration (cf. aliquis):
Cephaloedi mensis est certus, quo mense sacerdotem maximum creari oporteat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 128:
habet certos sui studiosos,
id. Brut. 16, 64:
(hunc) certis rebus imperatis regnare jussit,
id. Sest. 27, 58:
certi homines ad eam rem periti,
id. ib. 18, 41:
res a certis hominibus corrupta,
id. Fam. 1, 2, 3; 4, 9, 2; 16, 11, 2; id. Marcell. 6, 16; id. Deiot. 4, 11; Liv. 34, 61, 7.—Hence in Quint. several times in connection with quidam and aliquis:
ad certas quasdam dicendi leges alligati,
Quint. 8, prooem. § 2; so id. 8, prooem. § 12; 4, 2, 28; 5, 10, 2; 5, 10, 5; 9, 4, 8;
11, 2, 28: aliquos compositionis certos pedes,
id. 10, 2, 13; so id. 7, prooem. § 4; and subst.:
in his certos aliquos docebit,
id. 2, 8, 13.—
2.
Trop., of things whose internal moral qualities are established, fixed, can be relied upon, sure, unerring, to be depended upon, true, faithful, [p. 321] etc. (so most freq. in all periods and species of composition; syn.: firmus, confirmatus, exploratus, indubitatus, manifestus al.).
a.
Of persons: amicus certus in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. Lael. 17, 64; cf.:
tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 57:
certi homines, quibus dem litteras,
Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; cf. id. Cat. 3, 7, 16; Nep. Paus. 2, 4; id. Alcib. 10, 1; Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 156:
certus enim promisit Apollo, etc.,
Hor. C. 1, 7, 28:
auctor (mortis),
Quint. 6, 3, 68; cf. Suet. Tib. 5:
adversus hostem nec spe nec animo certiorem, i. e. firmiorem,
Liv. 10, 35, 17: apud latera certos collocaverat, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 576 (H. 1, 53 Dietsch); cf. Nep. Dion, 9, 2:
per litora certos dimittam,
Verg. A. 1, 576:
certissimus auctor (Phoebus),
id. G. 1, 432.—
b.
Of things:
satis animo certo et confirmato,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77; cf.
pectora,
Verg. A. 9, 249, and certior indoles, Suet. Ner. 10:
promissa,
Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 1:
parata dicendi copia et certa,
Quint. 10, 6, 6; id. 6, prooem. §
9: jus,
id. 12, 3, 6 et saep.:
jactus (telorum),
Tac. A. 14, 37; cf.
in this sense certa hasta,
Verg. A. 11, 767:
sagitta,
Hor. C. 1, 12, 23:
fides segetis,
id. ib. 3, 16, 30:
spes,
id. C. S. 74:
trames,
id. S. 2, 3, 49:
lar,
id. Ep. 1, 7, 58 al.:
plana et certa,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1:
certa et clara,
Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 1 Ruhnk.; so Liv. 22, 39, 22; cf. Hor. S. 2, 6, 27.—Subst., with gen.:
certa maris,
Tac. H. 4, 81.—
B.
Subject., of that which is established by evidence, etc., placed beyond doubt, certain, sure, true, proved, established (class.; esp. freq. in neutr.):
cum ad has suspitiones certissimae res accederent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 5, 29:
incerta pro certis malebant,
Sall. C. 17, 6; cf.:
incerta pro certis mutare,
id. J. 83, 1:
postremo certior res,
Liv. 29, 6, 12:
certiora esse dicunt quam, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 3, 5, 13; id. Att. 3, 11, 2; Liv. 10, 35, 12: So. Satin hoc certum'st? Ge. Certum:
hisce oculis egomet vidi,
Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 31:
jam satis certumst virginem vitiatam esse?
id. Enn. 4, 4, 36:
cum certius tibi sit me esse Romae quam mihi te Athenis,
Cic. Att. 1, 9, 1:
id parum certum est,
Liv. 5, 35, 3:
cum de altero intellectu certum est, de altero dubium,
Quint. 7, 6, 3; cf. id. 7, 3, 4: non certum traditur, with interrog.-clause, Liv. 2, 8, 8:
nec quicquam certi respondes mihi?
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 84:
neque tanto spatio certi quid esset explorari poterat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 45:
certum inveniri non potest ne... an,
id. B. C. 1, 25:
si quicquam humanorum certi est,
Liv. 5, 33, 1: Ph. Civemne? Th. Arbitror:
Certum non scimus,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 31; cf. id. Phorm. 1, 2, 98; Cic. Att. 12, 23, 2.—So, certum scire, to know for a certainty, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 12; id. Hec. 3, 1, 44; Cic. Fam. 9, 23 init.:
certum habere,
to reckon certain, id. Att. 1, 13, 1; Liv. 36, 28, 4; 5, 3, 2; Quint. 2, 3, 9; Col. 2, 22, 5 al.:
certum respondeo,
Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:
cognoscere, Auct. B. Alex. 53: comperire, Auct. B. Hisp. 22.—So also pro certo habere,
Cic. Att. 10, 6, 3; Matius ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, A med.; Sall. C. 52, 17; Suet. Dom. 23:
negare,
Cic. Att. 5, 21, 5:
polliceri,
id. Agr. 2, 37, 102:
dicere aliquid,
id. Brut. 3, 10:
ponere,
Liv. 23, 6, 8:
scire,
id. 25, 10, 1:
affirmare,
id. 27, 1, 13; 3, 23, 7; cf. id. 1, 3, 2 Drak.:
creditur,
Sall. C. 15, 2:
coeperit esse,
Quint. 5, 12, 2:
certius cognoscere ex aliquo de aliquā re,
Caes. B. G. 5, 52, 5.—Strengthened by comp.:
quin nihil invenies magis hoc certo certius,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 111; cf.:
et hoc certo certius est et saepissime constitutum,
Dig. 42, 8, 10, § 14:
certo certius,
Ambros. in Ephes. 5; Paul. Vit. St. Ambros. 25; App. M. 9, p. 237, 27.—In Plaut. certum or certius facere alicui, to give certainty to one concerning any thing, make him certain, Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 17; 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 2, 2, 4.—
2.
Transf. to the person who is made certain in reference to a thing, certain, sure:
certi sumus periisse omnia,
Cic. Att. 2, 19, 5:
num quid nunc es certior?
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 191:
posteritatis,
i. e. of posthumous fame, Plin. Ep. 9, 3, 1:
sententiae,
Quint. 4, 3, 8:
judicii,
Sen. Ep. 45, 9:
certus de suā geniturā,
Suet. Vesp. 25:
damnationis,
id. Tib. 61:
exitii,
Tac. A. 1, 27:
spei,
id. H. 4, 3:
matrimonii,
id. A. 12, 3:
certi sumus, etc.,
Gell. 18, 10, 5.—In class. prose mostly in the phrase certiorem facere aliquem (de aliquā re, alicujus rei, with a foll, acc. and inf., with a rel.-clause or absol.), to inform, apprise one of a thing:
me certiorem face,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 69:
ut nos facias certiores,
Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 32:
uti se (sc. Caesarem) de his rebus certiorem faciant,
Caes. B. G. 2, 2:
qui certiorem me sui consilii fecit,
Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 2:
Caesarem certiorem faciunt, sese non facile ab oppidis vim hostium prohibere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 11:
faciam te certiorem quid egerim,
Cic. Att. 3, 11, 1.— With subj. only:
milites certiores facit, paulisper intermitterent proelium,
Caes. B. G. 3, 5 fin. — Pass.:
quod crebro certior per me fias de omnibus rebus,
Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; so Caes. B. G. 1, 7; Sall. J. 104, 1:
Caesar certior factus est, tres jam copiarum partes Helvetios id flumen transduxisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 12; so id. ib. 1, 21; 1, 41; 2, 1; Sall. J. 82, 2; Nep. Att. 12, 3:
factus certior, quae res gererentur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 15:
non consulibus certioribus factis,
Liv. 45, 21, 4.—Also in posit., though rarely:
fac me certum quid tibi est,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 16; 4, 6, 35; Verg. A. 3, 179:
lacrimae suorum Tam subitae matrem certam fecere ruinae,
Ov. M. 6, 268.— Hence, adv. in two forms.
A.
certō, with certainty, certainly, surely, of a truth, in fact, really, object. and subject. (cf. supra, II. A. and B.); only in the comic poets, and sometimes (most. freq. in his epistt.) in Cic., while the adverbial form certe belongs to all periods and all species of composition. The difference between them is, perhaps, merely historical; but v. infra, certe, B. I. 2. init.
1.
Object.:
perii certo, haud arbitrario,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 42; cf. id. Merc. 2, 3, 106:
mihi certo nomen Sosia'st,
id. Am. 1, 1, 176; id. Men. 2, 2, 39; Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 12:
nihil ita exspectare quasi certo futurum,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81 (cf. the passage cited under certo, I. 1., from id. Div. 2, 7, 18).—
b.
In affirm. answers: Me. Liberum ego te jussi abire? Mes. Certo, yes, certainly, Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 9; so id. ib. 5, 9, 50; 2, 3, 38; id. Poen. 5, 5, 21; Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—
2.
Subject.
a.
In gen. (very rare):
certo enim ego vocem hic loquentis modo mi audire visus sum,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 5, 4:
ego rus abituram me esse certo decrevi,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 10: Th. Quid aīs? Py. Atqui certo comperi, id. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—
b.
Esp. in the formula of asseveration, certo scio, I certainly know, I am fully persuaded, beyond all doubt (class.):
certo edepol scio, me vidisse, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2; id. Truc. 1, 1, 49; Ter. And. 5, 4, 26; id. Ad. 4, 5, 14; id. Eun. 1, 2, 119; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 19:
quod te moleste ferre certo scio,
Cic. Att. 1, 12, 3; 2, 23, 2; id. Fam. 4, 13, 6; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 21; id. Phil. 3, 6, 17; id. Sen. 1, 1; 1, 2; Sall. J. 9, 2; id. C. 51, 16:
veniunt in mentem mihi permulta: vobis plura, certo scio,
Cic. Caecin. 19, 55 (cf. under certe, I. 2.).—
B.
certē (class.; cf. supra, certo init.).
I.
Affirming strongly, with certainty, certainly, undoubtedly, assuredly, surely, really.
1.
Object.:
certe edepol, tu me alienabis,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 243:
ego quidem ab hoc certe exorabo,
id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58:
certe hercle,
id. As. 2, 1, 15; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 8; Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 71; Ter. And. 2, 2, 10:
quom is certe Renuntiarit,
id. Heaut. 4, 4, 4:
certe captus est!
id. And. 1, 1, 55:
certe ut videamur cernere eum,
Lucr. 4, 760:
si enim scit, certe illud eveniet: sin certe eveniet, nulla fortuna est,
Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18; cf. id. N. D. 1, 2, 5:
fuit certe id aequum et certe exspectatum est, etc.,
id. Planc. 16, 38:
ea certe vera sunt,
id. Mil. 35, 96:
M. Catoni certe licuit, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:
jam illa perfugia certe minime sunt audienda,
id. ib. 1, 5, 9:
cum se certe decessurum videret,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104; Cat. 62, 8:
certe hinc Romanos olim fore ductores pollicitus,
Verg. A. 1, 234:
o dea certe,
a goddess surely, id. ib. 1, 328:
postremo expellet certe vivacior heres,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 132:
placuit tibi, Delphice, certe, Dum, etc.,
Ov. M. 2, 543 al. — Comp.:
speculatores mittere, qui certius explorata referant,
Liv. 3, 40, 13; 35, 48, 3:
si reperire vocas amittere certius,
Ov. M. 5, 519; App. M. 2, p. 118, 1.— Sup., Tert. Pall. 4.—
b.
In an answer of affirmation:
estne ipsus an non est! Is est, Certe is est, is est profecto,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 65; so Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 53; Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9; id. Clu. 54, 149; id. Phil. 1, 15, 37; id. Ac. 2, 35, 113; and in confirmation of a preceding fact: venerat, ut opinor, haec res in judicium. Certe, certainly, surely, Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42; id. Fam. 4, 2, 5; id. Or. 42, 144; cf. id. Off. 3, 29, 105; id. Fin. 2, 27, 91.—
2.
Subject., mostly in the phrase certe scio, I know to a certainty, I am sure (acc. to Klotz ad Cic. Sen. 1, 2, certe scio = certum est me scire, I am fully convinced: certo scio = certum est quod scio, my knowledge is accurate, etc.):
certe edepol scio, si aliud quicquam est quod credam aut certo sciam, etc.,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 115:
edepol certo scio,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 20:
scelestiorem me hac anu certe scio Vidisse numquam,
id. Aul. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. Arch. 12, 32:
ex litteris certe scire potuistis,
id. Font. 4, 8; id. Phil. 12, 12, 29:
quod iste certe statuerat ac deliberaverat non adesse,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1.—
b.
In affirm. answers: Ar. Ain' vero? Le. Certe, inquam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 132: Ch. Ain'tu? So. Certe, sic erit, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 12.—
c.
In a subjective supposition or presumption that a thing is so, certainly, surely, assuredly, doubtless, of course; Gr. isôs:
ah nugas agis, Certe habes,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 25; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58:
si me tanti facis, quanti certe facis,
Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; 7, 8, 1; cf. Verg. A. 1, 234; Ov. M. 2, 423; Prop. 2, 7, 1. —
(β).
In interrog., Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 3; Suet. Aug. 33.—
II.
Affirming with restriction, yet surely, yet indeed, at least, notwithstanding (very freq. in prose and poetry, esp. after the class. per.).
A.
Alone:
si non ipsā re tibi istuc dolet, Simulare certe est hominis,
Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 16:
cingitur, certe expedit se,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 152:
ut homines mortem vel optare incipiant, vel certe timere desistant,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117:
haec... sint falsa sane, invidiosa certe non sunt,
id. Ac. 2, 32, 105:
qui... ut non referat pedem, sistet certe,
id. Phil. 12, 4, 8:
res fortasse verae, certe graves,
id. Fin. 4, 3, 7; cf. Liv. 9, 11, 13:
consulatum unum certe plebis Romanae esse,
id. 22, 34, 11:
quos quoniam caeli nondum dignamur honore, Quas dedimus certe terras habitare sinamus,
Ov. M. 1, 195 et saep.:
quo quid sit beatius, mihi certe in mentem venire non potest,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81; so,
ego certe,
Quint. 8, 3, 65; 9, 4, 57:
certe ego,
Sall. J. 31, 5; Ov. H. 19, 81; id. M. 13, 840; id. Tr. 4, 5, 13:
mihi certe,
Quint. 10, 3, 23:
ipse certe,
id. 8, 6, 30; Curt. 7, 4, 19; 7, 6, 22.—
B.
With other particles.
1.
With tamen:
illud certe tamen, quod jam amplexi sumus,
Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 22; id. Sen. 23, 84.—
2.
With at: quod (consilium) si non fuerit prudens, at certe ab optima fide proficiscetur, Balb. et opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A, 1; Ov. F. 3, 351; cf. at II. 3.—
3.
With sed: non integrā re, sed certe minus infractā, quam, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 8; cf. Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 56 dub. B. and K. —
4.
With quidem:
ubi sit animus, certe quidem in te est,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:
quoniam volumus quidem certe senes fieri,
id. Sen. 2, 6; id. Quint. 15, 50:
certe quidem vos estis Romani, etc.,
Liv. 45, 22, 5. (But quidem does not belong with certe in such passages as the foll.:
hic quidem certe memorat, etc.,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 261 al.; v. quidem; cf. also aut and vel.)

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > certus
13 dubitatio

dŭbĭtātĭo, ōnis, f. [dubito].
I.
A wavering in opinion or judgment; a being uncertain, a doubting; uncertainty, doubt.
A.
Prop.
1.
In gen. (freq. and good prose).
(α).
Absol.:
nec tibi sollicitudinem ex dubitatione mea, nec spem ex affirmatione, afferre volui,
Cic. Fam. 9, 17 fin.:
cum res non conjecturā, sed oculis ac manibus teneretur, neque in causa ulla dubitatio posset esse,
id. Cluent. 7, 20:
in ea obscuritate ac dubitatione omnium,
id. ib. 27:
quod quamquam dubitationem non habet, tamen rationes afferendas puto, etc.,
id. Fin. 5, 10; cf. id. Agr. 1, 4, 11; Quint. 4, 3, 6:
dubitationem afferre,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 147; cf. id. ib. 3, 4, 18:
eo sibi minus dubitationis dari, quod, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 14, 1:
ad tollendam dubitationem sola non sufficiunt,
Quint. 5, 9, 8; cf. id. 5, 13, 51; Cic. Att. 12, 6 fin. al. So in Cicero a few times: sine ulla dubitatione, without any doubt, i. e. per litoten, most certainly (an emphatic sine dubio, v. dubius, I. B. 2. b. e), Cic. Tusc. 3, 3, 5; id. Balb. 13, 31; id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39; id. Cat. 4, 3, 5;
so too, sine dubitatione,
Col. 3, 6, 2 (but far more freq. in signif. II., v. infra).—
(β).
With gen.: omnem dubitationem adventus legionum expellere, Caes. B. G. 5, 48 fin.; cf.
juris (i. e. dubitatio, penes quem esset jus),
Cic. Caecin. 4, 9:
generum,
id. de Or. 2, 31, 134:
hujus utilitatis,
Quint. 1, 10, 28.—
(γ).
With de:
illa Socratica, de omnibus rebus,
Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 17; Auct. B. Afr. 26.—
(δ).
With rel. or interrog. clause:
si quando dubitatio accidit, quale sit id, etc.,
Cic. Off. 3, 4, 18; id. Cluent. 28, 76; id. Fam. 15, 21:
alterum potest habere dubitationem, adhibendumne fuerit hoc genus... an, etc.,
id. Off. 3, 2, 9; id. Fam. 3, 5, 3; Quint. 11, 2, 44.—
(ε).
With quin:
cum hic locus nihil habeat dubitationis, quin, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 5, 17; cf. id. N. D. 2, 63, 158.—
(ζ).
With a subject acc. and inf.:
hoc a rustico factum extra dubitationem est,
Quint. 7, 1, 48.—
2.
Esp., as a fig. of speech, i. q. Gr. diaporêsis, i. e. hesitation, embarrassment of the speaker, because unable to do justice to the greatness of his theme (e. g. Cic. Rosc. Am. 11; id. de Or. 3, 56, § 214), Auct. Her. 4, 29, 40; cf. Ernest. Lex. Technol. Lat. p. 136.—
B.
Meton. (dubito, I. B.), a doubt, question, considering:
indigna dubitatio homine!
Cic. Lael. 19, 67; so,
ad rem publicam adeundi,
id. Rep. 1, 7, 12.—
II.
A wavering, hesitating in coming to a conclusion; hesitancy, irresolution, delay:
aestuabat dubitatione, versabat se in utramque partem non solum mente, verum etiam corpore,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30; cf.:
qui timor! quae dubitatio! quanta haesitatio tractusque verborum!
id. de Or. 2, 50:
inter dubitationem et moras senati,
Sall. J. 30, 3; cf. id. ib. 62, 9:
aluit dubitatione bellum,
Tac. A. 3, 41 fin. et saep.:
(Caesar) nulla interposita dubitatione legiones ex castris educit,
without any hesitation, promptly, Caes. B. G. 7, 40, 1;
in this signif. very freq. in Cicero: sine ulla dubitatione,
Cic. Cluent. 28, 75; id. Verr. 2, 3, 12; id. Pis. 3; 21 fin.; id. N. D. 1, 1; id. de Or. 2, 28, 122; id. Fam. 1, 5, b. 2. et saep.; cf.:
absque ulla dubitatione,
Vulg. Ruth, 3, 13;
less freq. merely sine dubitatione,
without hesitation, unhesitatingly, Cic. Agr. 2, 9, 23; id. N. D. 3, 34, 84; id. Ac. 2, 29, 94; id. Top. 15 fin.; id. Att. 11, 16, 3; so Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21; Auct. B. Alex. 63, 2; Vulg. Act. 10, 29.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dubitatio
14 dubito

dŭbĭto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. n. and a. [for duhibitare, freq. from duhibeo, i. e. duohabeo (cf. habitare from habeo), to have or hold, as two, v. dubius; cf. also Gr. doiazô from doioi; Germ. zweifeln from zwei], to vibrate from one side to the other, to and fro, in one's opinions or in coming to a conclusion (freq. in all periods and sorts of composition; in class. prose usually with negations or in a negative interrogation, as: non dubito, haud dubito, quis dubitat? etc.
I.
To waver in opinion or judgment, to be uncertain, to be in doubt, to doubt, question.
(α).
Absol. (rare but class.): ne vinolenti quidem quae faciunt eadem approbatione faciunt qua sobrii;
dubitant, haesitant, revocant se interdum,
Cic. Ac. 2, 17, 52; cf. id. ib. 2, 23, 72:
et interrogamus et dubitamus et affirmamus,
Quint. 6, 3, 70; cf. id. 10, 1, 19; 10, 3, 19:
Livius frequentissime dubitat,
id. 2, 4, 19; 9, 2, 20: vivo equidem, ne dubita;
nam vera vides,
Verg. A. 3, 316:
ut jam liceat una comprehensione omnia complecti non dubitantemque (= sine ulla dubitatione) dicere,
Cic. Fin. 5, 9, 26; id. Fam. 5, 16, 4 Madv.; so id. Div. 1, 55, 125.—
(β).
With de (class.):
de indicando dubitat,
Cic. Sull. 18, 52; id. Fam. 12, 17; Quint. 1, 10, 29; 4, 5, 13.—With a negation:
nec vero de hoc quisquam dubitare posset, nisi, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 73:
de aliqua re,
id. N. D. 1, 8:
de divina ratione,
id. ib. 2, 39, 99:
de tua erga me voluntate,
id. Fam. 13, 45 fin.; cf. id. Att. 12, 26:
de ejus fide,
Caes. B. G. 7, 21, 1: cf. id. ib. 7, 77, 10; 1, 40 fin.:
de carminibus,
Quint. 10, 5, 4:
de ultima illa (parte),
id. 12, 2, 10: de se, Pompei ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12 A et saep.— Pass. impers.:
de armis dubitatum est,
Cic. Caecin. 13, 38:
de judicio Panaetii dubitari non potest,
id. Off. 3, 3; so, de auctore, Quint. 7, 2, 8:
de hac (virtute) nihil dubitabitur,
id. 2, 20, 7.—
(γ).
With acc. (in class. prose only with a neutr. pron.):
haec non turpe est dubitare philosophos, quae ne rustici quidem dubitant?
Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; Quint. 2, 17, 2; Plaut. Ps. 2, 1, 2; Ov. H. 17, 37; id. M. 6, 194; id. Tr. 2, 331.—In the pass.:
causa prorsus, quod dubitari posset, nihil habebat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 22; cf. id. ib. 28; Liv. 5, 3:
dubitati tecta parentis,
Ov. M. 2, 20:
sidera,
Stat. S. 1, 4, 2:
ne auctor dubitaretur,
Tac. A. 14, 7; cf. infra, e:
dicta haud dubitanda,
Verg. A. 3, 170.—
(δ).
With an interrog. pron. (good prose, but rare):
ubi tu dubites, quid sumas potissimum,
Ter. Ph. 2, 2, 29:
non dubito, quid nobis agendum putes,
Cic. Att. 10, 1, 2; id. Fam. 11, 17, 2; 15, 9; Caes. B. C. 2, 32, 10:
cur dubitas, quid de re publica sentias?
Cic. Rep. 1, 38 fin.; cf. id. ib. 3, 17 fin.; id. de Imp. Pomp. 16 fin. —
(ε).
With interrog. particles (very freq. and class.):
si me non improbissime tractasset, dubitassem fortasse utrum, etc.,
Cic. Att. 16, 15, 1:
desinite dubitare, utrum sit utilius, etc.... an, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 89; cf. impers., id. Att. 4, 15, 7; Liv. 5, 3:
honestumne factu sit an turpe dubitant,
Cic. Off. 1, 3, 9:
dubitavi, hos homines emerem, an non emerem,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 95; cf. Sall. J. 74, 2; Hor. C. 1, 12, 35:
recte necne, etc.,
id. Ep. 2, 1, 80:
licet et dubitare num quid nos fugerit,
Quint. 6, 1, 3:
dubito, num, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 6, 27, 1; Tac. H. 2, 37;
de L. Bruto fortasse dubitarim, an, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 22, 50 et saep.—Cf. respecting the expression dubito an, the art. an, II., and Zumpt, Gramm. § 354.— Poet. in pass. (cf. supra, g):
an dea sim, dubitor,
Ov. M. 6, 208.—
(ζ).
Non dubito, quin (very freq. and class.):
non hercle dubito, quin tibi ingenio nemo praestiterit,
Cic. Rep. 1, 23; id. Div. 1, 57, 129; id. de Sen. 10, 31; id. Att. 6, 2, 3; id. Fam. 13, 73 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 40: numquid tu dubitas quin ego nunc perpetuo perierim? Have you a doubt? etc., Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 13; Caes. B. G. 1, 17, 4; 1, 31, 15; Quint. 12, 1, 42; Suet. Tib. 17; Ov. H. 17, 11; 245; id. Tr. 5, 7, 59 et saep.; cf. pass. impers.:
dubitari (non) potest, quin, etc.,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23 fin.; id. Off. 3, 2, 9; Quint. 10, 2, 1:
dubitari potest quin usque eo eicienda sit,
Sen. Contr. 1, 3, 1:
illud cave dubites, quin, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 6;
quid dubitas, quin sit, etc.,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 42;
so in an interrog.,
id. Poen. 1, 1, 55; 4, 2, 59; Quint. 7, 6, 10; cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97; Caes. B. G. 7, 38, 8.—
(η).
With acc. and inf. (freq. only since the Aug. period, and in gen. only negatively; not found in Plaut., Ter., or Cic.;
but usual in Nepos): neque humorem dubitavi aurasque perire,
Lucr. 5, 249:
gratos tibi esse qui de me rumores afferuntur, non dubito,
Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 2 (cf., on the contrary, §
7: noli dubitare, quin te sublevaturus sim): ignorabant aut dubitabant animas hominum immortales esse,
Lact. 6, 3, 5: non dubito, fore plerosque qui, etc., Nep. praef. § 1; id. Milt. 3, 6; id. Lys. 3, 5; id. Alcib. 9, 5; id. Ages. 3, 1; id. Eum. 2, 3; id. Hann. 11, 2; Liv. 2, 64; 22, 55 Drak. et saep.; Quint. 3, 7, 5; 5, 10, 76; 9, 4, 114; Suet. Claud. 35 et saep.; cf.
in an interrog.: an est quisquam qui dubitet, tribunos offensos esse?
Liv. 5, 3; so,
quis dubitat,
Quint. 9, 4, 68; 130; 10, 1, 81. — Pass. impers.: an dubitabitur, ibi partes oratoris esse praecipuas? id. prooem. § 12. —Affirm.: piraticam ut musicam, fabricam dici adhuc dubitabant mei praeceptores, Quint. 8, 3, 34.—
2.
Transf., of inan. and abstr. subjects, to be uncertain, doubtful:
si tardior manus dubitet,
Quint. 5, 10, 124:
suspensa ac velut dubitans oratio,
id. 10, 7, 22:
aut vincere aut, si fortuna dubitabit (= adversabit), etc.,
Liv. 21, 44 fin.:
nec mox fama dubitavit, cum, etc.,
Flor. 1, 1, 2.—
B.
Meton., to reflect upon, to ponder, consider, deliberate:
in utramque partem cogitare, deliberare, etc. (very rare): haec dum dubitas, menses abierunt decem,
Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 57:
restat, judices, ut hoc dubitemus, uter, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 31, 88:
percipe porro, quid dubitem,
Verg. A. 9, 191:
dubitaverat Augustus Germanicum rei Romanae imponere,
had considered whether he should, Tac. A. 4, 57.
II.
To waver in coming to a conclusion, to be irresolute; to hesitate, delay.
(α).
With inf. (so most commonly): non dubitaverim [p. 614] me gravissimis tempestatibus obvium ferre, Cic. Rep. 1, 4;
so with a negation,
id. ib. 1, 15; id. Lael. 1; id. de Or. 1, 40 et saep.; Caes. B. G. 2, 23, 2: flumen transire, 6, 8, 1; id. B. C. 1, 71, 2; 2, 33, 2 and fin.; Verg. A. 7, 311; 8, 614 et saep.:
quid dubitamus pultare atque huc evocare ambos foras?
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 29;
so in an interrog.,
id. Mil. 4, 2, 17; id. Ps. 2, 2, 30; id. Poen. 3, 5, 44; Caes. B. C. 2, 34, 4; Quint. 12, 5, 3; 12, 10, 63; Verg. A. 6, 807 al.—Very seldom affirmatively:
quod ea illi nubere dubitabat,
Sall. C. 15, 2:
accusat fratrem, quod dubitet omnia quae ad beatam vitam pertineant ventre metiri,
Cic. N. D. 1, 40, 113:
dubitat agnoscere matrem,
Stat. Achill. 1, 250:
si forte dubitaret quod afferretur accipere,
Curt. 4, 5:
isdem mandatum ut occiderent, si venire dubitaret,
id. 10, 8.—Ellipt.:
quod dubitas, ne feceris,
Plin. Ep. 1, 18, 5.—
(β).
Non dubito quin (rare in Cic. and Caes.):
nemo dubitabat, quin, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 13; id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Agr. 2, 26, 69:
tum dubitandum non existimavit, quin proficisceretur,
Caes. B. G. 2, 2, 5; id. B. C. 3, 71, 1; cf.:
nolite dubitare, quin huic uni credatis omnia,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 23, 68;
and in an interrog.: dubitabitis, judices, quin? etc.,
id. Fl. 17, 40; id. de Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—
(γ).
Absol. (rare):
te neque umquam dubitasse, neque timuisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 41, 3:
sed mora damnosa est, nec res dubitare remittit,
Ov. M. 11, 377:
quid igitur ego dubito?
Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 283;
so in an interrog.,
id. Men. 5, 7, 6; Caes. B. G. 5, 44, 3; Verg. A. 9, 12:
magnitudine supplicii dubitantes cogit,
Caes. B. G. 7, 4, 9; id. ib. 7, 63, 3; Sall. C. 28, 1 al.:
dubitantia lumina,
failing, Sil. 10, 154. —Hence,
A.
dŭbĭtanter, adv.
* 1.
Doubtingly:
sine ulla affirmatione, dubitanter unum quodque dicemus,
Cic. Inv. 2, 3, 10.—
2.
Hesitatingly, with hesitancy (very rare):
illum verecunde et dubitanter recepisse,
Cic. Brut. 22, 87; cf. Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 2.—
B.
dŭbĭ-tātim, adv. (i. q. dubitanter, 2.), hesitatingly, with hesitation (only in the foll. passages), Sisenn. ap. Non. 98, 33; so Cael. Ann. ib.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dubito
15 dubitanter

dubitanter adv. [dubito], doubtingly, with doubt: dicere. — Hesitatingly, with hesitation: illum recepisse.
* * *

ADV

doubtingly; hesitatingly; with doubt/hesitation

Latin-English dictionary > dubitanter
16 fluctuor

fluctuor ātus, ārī, dep. [fluctus], to waver, be in doubt, hesitate: animo, L.: utrum, etc., L.
* * *

fluctuari, fluctuatus sum V DEP

waver, be in doubt, hesitate

Latin-English dictionary > fluctuor
17 nempe

nempe conj. [nam+-pe].—In an assertion offered as indisputable, certainly, without doubt, assuredly, of course, as everybody knows: quos ego orno? Nempe eos, qui, etc.: Nempe incomposito dixi pede currere versūs Lucili, H.: Nempe omnia haec nunc verba huc redeunt denique, T.: pater est mihi nempe biformis, O.—In a question as to the meaning of something already said, I suppose, you mean, I am to understand: Da. Davus sum, non Oedipus. Si. Nempe ergo aperte vis me loqui? T.: nempe negas ad beate vivendum satis posse virtutem?—In a reply, certainly, obviously, of course: Ch. Nostin hanc? An novi, nempe opinor, T.: Pompei tertius consulatus in quibus actis constitit? Nempe in legibus.—In a concession, certainly, indeed, no doubt: nempe Vir bonus et prudens dici delector, H.: scimus nempe; haeremus nihilo minus.—Ironically, forsooth, to be sure, I suppose: at avus nobilis. Tuditanus nempe ille, etc.: nempe ruberes, Viveret si quis, etc., H.
* * *

CONJ

truly, certainly, of course

Latin-English dictionary > nempe
18 quīn

quīn conj. [2 qui+-ne]. I. In a principal clause, interrog., why not? wherefore not? (only in exhortation or remonstrance; not in asking for information): quid stas, lapis? Quin accipis? T.: quin taces? T.: quin continetis vocem?: quin potius pacem aeternam Exercemus? V.: quin conscendimus equos? why not mount our horses? L.: Quin uno verbo dic, quid est, quod me velis, just say in one word! T.: quin tu hoc crimen obice ubi licet agere, i. e. you had better: quin illi congrederentur acie inclinandamque semel fortunae rem darent, L.—Corroborative, but, indeed, really, verily, of a truth, nay, in fact: credo; neque id iniuriā; quin Mihi molestum est, T.: nihil ea res animum militaris viri imminuit, quin contra plus spei nactus, L.: non potest dici satis quantum in illo sceleris fuerit, Quin sic attendite, iudices, etc, nay, rather, etc.—In a climax, with etiam or et, yea indeed, nay even: quin etiam necesse erit cupere et optare, ut, etc.: quin etiam voces iactare, V.: quin et Atridas Priamus fefellit, H.— II. In a dependent clause, so that... not, but that, but, without: ut nullo modo Introire possem, quin viderent me, T.: facere non possum, quin ad te mittam, I cannot forbear sending to you: nihil abest, quin sim miserrimus: repertus est nemo quin mori diceret satius esse: nihil praetermisi, quin enucleate ad te perscriberem: nulli ex itinere excedere licebat quin ab equitatu Caesaris exciperetur, without being cut off, Cs.: qui recusare potest, quin et socii sibi consulant? L.: non quin ipse dissentiam, sed quod, etc., not but that.—Esp., representing the nom. of a pron relat. with a negative, who... not, but: nulla fuit civitas quin partem senatūs Cordubam mitteret, Cs.: nulla (natura), quin suam vim retineat: quis templum adspexit, quin testis esset?: Nihil tam difficilest quin investigari possiet, T.: Messanam nemo venit, quin viserit.—After words expressing hesitation, doubt or uncertainty, but that, that: non dubitaturum, quin cederet: et vos non dubitatis, quin: hoc non dubium est, quin Chremes non det, etc., T.: cave dubites, quin: non esse dubium, quin... possent, no doubt that, Cs.: neque abest suspicio, quin, a suspicion that, Cs.
* * *
I
ADV

why not, in fact
II
CONJ

so that not, without; that not; but that; that

quin etiam -- moreover

Latin-English dictionary > quīn
19 aporio

aporiare, aporiavi, aporiatus V INTRANS

be uncertain/in doubt, vacillate, waver, doubt, be perplexed/distressed/in need

Latin-English dictionary > aporio
20 aporior

aporiari, aporiatus sum V DEP

be uncertain/in doubt, vacillate, waver, doubt, be perplexed/distressed/in need

Latin-English dictionary > aporior

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